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Kuzyk quantum gap
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==Background== In 2000, Professor [[Mark G. Kuzyk]] of Washington State University calculated the fundamental limit of the [[nonlinear optics|nonlinear-optical]] susceptibility of molecules. The nonlinear susceptibility is a measure of how strongly [[light]] interacts with matter. As such, these results can be used to predict the maximum attainable efficiency of various types of optical devices.<ref> [http://www.physics.wsu.edu/Personnel/faculty/kuzyk.html Professor Mark G. Kuzyk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925140531/http://www.physics.wsu.edu/Personnel/faculty/kuzyk.html |date=2008-09-25 }}</ref><ref> [https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1218 fundamental limit]</ref> For example, Kuzyk's theory can be used to estimate how efficiently optical information can be manipulated in an optical fiber (based on the [[Kerr effect]]), which in turn is related to the amount of information that a [[fiber optics|fiber-optic]] system can handle. In effect, the speed limit of the internet is intimately linked to the Kuzyk limit. One peculiar finding is that all molecules that have ever been measured appear to fall below the Kuzyk limit by about a factor of 30. This factor-of-thirty gap between the fundamental limit and the best molecules is called the Kuzyk quantum gap. Nobody understands the cause of this gap, but there is no reason to believe that it is of a fundamental nature. It is therefore likely that new approaches to synthetic chemistry may find ways to make better molecules. While the gap is breachable, the Kuzyk limit is not. Given that the Kuzyk limit is based directly on [[quantum mechanics]], a breaching of the limit would mean that there are problems with quantum theory.<ref> [http://www.osa-opn.org/view_file.cfm?doc=%24%28L%3F%2CK%40%20%20%0A&id=%24%29%5C%3B%29KP%20%20%0A factor-of-thirty gap]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040820045639/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/08/0819_040819_nanointernet.html Kuzyk quantum gap]</ref>
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