Editing LMS Jubilee Class (section)

==History==
The last five locomotives of [[Henry Fowler (engineer)|Henry Fowler]]'s [[LMS Patriot class|Patriot class]] on order, 5552 to 5556, were built with [[William Stanier]]'s taper boiler and so became the first of the Jubilee class. 113 locomotives were ordered straight from the drawing board. They were initially a disappointment; their moderate degree of superheating often left them short of steam. Changes to the blastpipe and chimney dimensions helped to transform them.

On 29 April 1935 no. 5552, the first of the class, permanently swapped identities with no. 5642 which had been named ''Silver Jubilee'' on 19 April 1935 in recognition of the [[Silver Jubilee of George V|Silver Jubilee of King George V]] on 6 May of that year. This change gave the name to the rest of the class, see [[LMS Jubilee Class 5552 Silver Jubilee]]. Earlier on (from summer 1934), they had been known as the "Red Staniers" (because of the [[crimson]] livery), to distinguish them from the "Black Staniers" (the [[LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0]] class).{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=23}} These engines were named after former Commonwealth states and countries of the British Empire, British admirals, British naval commanders, and finally, ships in the British Navy named after characters from Greek Mythology.

Until the late 1950s, Jubilees were the largest express engine normally found on the lines running out of [[St Pancras railway station|St Pancras]]. They practically monopolized the role of the main express engine, with the occasional Royal Scot popping up, or radiating from [[Derby]]. They could nevertheless be found on main lines throughout the former [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway|LMS]] system. They were also regarded as a powerful upgrade from both of the older Compound 4-4-0 locomotives, both the [[Midland Railway 1000 Class|MR 1000 Class]] and the [[LMS Compound 4-4-0]] as well. The Jubilees were a rather common sight on the [[Midland Main Line]], the [[West Coast Main Line]], and the [[Settle-Carlisle line]], but were eventually displaced by the much more powerful Royal Scots during the 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hewitt |first1=Sam |title=From the archive: Golden Jubilee |url=https://www.therailwayhub.co.uk/5342/golden-jubilee/ |website=The Railway Hub |publisher=Mortons Media Group Ltd. |access-date=26 May 2021 |date=20 June 2019}}</ref>

The power classification was 5XP, in common with the earlier Patriot class.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=5}} In January 1951 the classification was revised to 6P and in November 1955 to 6P5F but this change was not applied to the locomotives' cabsides, which continued to show 6P.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=38}}

Five members of the class were fitted with a [[double chimney]] at different times. 5684 ''Jutland'' was the first, fitted with a double Kylchap in 1937.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=31}} The double chimney did improve the power of the locos and also improved the coal consumption. It only carried this fitment for one year. 5742 ''Connaught'' was the next, being fitted with a plain double exhaust in 1940 which it carried until 1955.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=31}} 5553 ''Canada'' was also fitted in 1940 but carried the double chimney for a short time.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=31}} 5735 ''Comet'' and 5736 ''Phoenix'' were rebuilt with a 2A taper boiler and double chimney in 1942 to become the [[LMS Rebuilt Jubilee Class|Rebuilt Jubilee Class]].{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=45}} These two one-offs were have said to be a direct upgrade in performance in both power and steaming abilities from the non-rebuilt Jubilees, and similar in performance to the [[LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class|Rebuilt Patriot Class]], however they were 3 tons heavier than the non-rebuilds, thus limiting their route availability. They were to have been the prototypes for the rebuilding of the entire class but were, in the end, the only Jubilees so to be treated. (They were reclassified 6P in July 1943,{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=46}} and 7P in 1951).{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|p=47}} As part of experiments at the [[Rugby Locomotive Testing Station]], no. 45722 ''Defence'' was fitted with a double chimney from 1956 to 1957.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|pp=38–40}} In 1961 a double exhaust was fitted to [[LMS Jubilee Class 5596 Bahamas|no. 45596 ''Bahamas'']] which carried it through withdrawal and into preservation.{{sfn|Rowledge|Reed|1984|pp=38, 40}}

===Construction===
Although built over only a three-year period the class had many variations due to improvements being made as they were built. The major differences were:
*Boilers – 10 variations, mainly affecting the number of tubes. The earlier boilers were domeless but later boilers were domed. There were two sizes of fire grate area depending on whether the firebox throatplate was straight or sloping.
*Bogies – Approximately 50 of the earlier locomotives were built with ex-Claughton bogies which had a 6 ft 3 in wheelbase compared to the later locomotives built with new bogies that had a wheelbase of 6 ft 6 in.
*Smokebox Saddle –  The first 113 locomotives were built with a two piece saddle; the rest had a conventional one piece saddle.
*Tenders – Four basic patterns were fitted; Fowler 3,500 gallon. Fowler high-sided (10 off), Stanier 4,000 gallon and Stanier 3,500 gallon. These last tenders were difficult to identify, combining the high curved sides of the Stanier tender with the chassis from the earlier type Fowler tender.  The easiest way to spot them is by the top row of horizontal rivets, slightly lower than on the 4,000 gallon version. However, taking into account rivets, wheelbase, and welds this can be subdivided into a total of eight patterns.

===Performance===
These locomotives had a bit of a mixed reception during their early working days, but while their reputation did improve over time, they didn't reach the same amount of praise as the Black 5 locomotives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Jubilees & Black 5's |url=https://locoperformance.tripod.com/edition19/jubileesblackfives.htm |website=Locomotive Performance |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> When the first members were built, the original 113 batch of engines to be precise, engine crews said that they were often disappointing. Crews often said that they were poor steamers and that the older locomotives that would be eventually replaced by them often performed better. However, once the problem with these engines was found and fixed after several extensive trials took place (the problem being that the diameter of the blast pipe was too large for the engines to make proper steam), the Jubilees went from being a theoretical success to an actual success thanks to some modifications.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Simon |title=History |url=http://www.jubilees.co.uk/history/ |website=Jubilees |access-date=26 May 2021 |date=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=6P5F & 7P 45552 – 45742 4-6-0 LMS Stanier Jubilee |url=https://preservedbritishsteamlocomotives.com/6p5f-7p-45552-45742-4-6-0-lms-stanier-jubilee/ |website=Preserved British Steam Locomotives |date=4 July 2017 |publisher=WordPress.com |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Physick |first1=Liam |title=Leander |url=http://www.edgehillstation.co.uk/resources/leander/ |website=Edge Hill Station |access-date=26 May 2021 |date=25 November 2011}}</ref>

===Withdrawal===
No. 45637 ''Windward Islands'' was destroyed in a severe accident in 1952, making it the first Jubilee engine to be scrapped. The remaining 188 locomotives were withdrawn between 1960 and 1967. The first of the standard withdrawals being 45609 ''Gilbert and Ellice Islands'' in September 1960 and the last engine to be withdrawn was No. 45562 ''Alberta'' from [[Holbeck TMD|Leeds Holbeck]] shed (20A) on 4 November 1967. They were the last express engines from the [[Railways Act 1921|Big Four]] days still in service.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hewitt |first1=Sam |title=From the archive: Golden Jubilee |url=https://www.therailwayhub.co.uk/5342/golden-jubilee/ |website=The Railway Hub |publisher=Mortons Media Group Ltd. |access-date=24 March 2021 |date=20 June 2019}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; clear:both;"
|+ Table of withdrawals
! Year !! Quantity in service at start of year !! Total withdrawn !! Withdrawn that year !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes
|-
| 1952 || 189 ||  1  ||  1 || align=left | 45637 ||
|-
| 1960 || 188 ||  2  ||  1  || align=left | 45609 ||
|-
| 1961 || 187 ||  5  ||  3  || align=left | 45616/19/30 ||
|-
| 1962 || 184 ||  46  ||  41  || align=left | 45559/66/70/76/82/87/94, 45603/07/15/21/28/36/51/56/62/65/73/77–79/83/86–88/91–93, 45707/11/13/15/18/20/22/24–25/27–29/31 ||
|-
| 1963 || 143 ||  77  ||  31  || align=left | 45555/60/75/91, 45624–25/34/39/44–46/48–50/59/68–69/71/80, 45701–02/06/09/12/14/17/19/30/34/38/40 ||
|-
| 1964 || 112 ||  141  ||  64  || align=left | 45552–54/56–58/61/64/68–69/71–72/77–80/83–85/92/98–99, 45601/05–06/10–14/17–18/20/22–23/31/35/38/40–41/57/63/70/72/74/76/81–82/85/89–90/95–96/99, 45700/03/08/10/16/23/32–33/37/41 || 45690, 45699 Preserved
|-
| 1965 || 48 ||  174  ||  33  || align=left | 45563/67/73/86/88–90/95/97, 45600/02/04/08/26/29/32–33/42/52–53/55/58/61/64/66–67/84/98, 45704–05/21/26/42 ||
|-
| 1966 || 15 ||  181  ||  7  || align=left | 45574/81/96, 45627/43/54/60 || 45596 Preserved
|-
| 1967 || 8 ||  189  ||  8  || align=left | 45562/65/93, 45647/75/94/97, 45739 || 45593 Preserved
|}