Editing LVMH (section)

==History==
In 1987, Moët Hennessy and Louis Vuitton merged to create LVMH. As a result of different visions for the future of the merged entity, Alain Chevalier and [[Henry Racamier]], the respective leaders of the predecessor firms, started to fight. Racamier invited Bernard Arnault to invest in LVMH. Rapidly, Arnault succeeded in taking control of LVMH at the expense of the initial family owners. Contrary to what is often indicated, Arnault did not establish LVMH.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/alain-chevalier-co-founder-of-lvmh-dies-aged-87/2018110539783 |title=Alain Chevalier, co-founder of LVMH, dies aged 87 |website=Fashion United |date=5 November 2018 |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826205716/https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/alain-chevalier-co-founder-of-lvmh-dies-aged-87/2018110539783 |url-status=live }}</ref>

LVMH is a component of the [[Euro Stoxx 50]] stock market index.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frankfurt Stock Exchange |url=http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro+stoxx+50+EU0009658145/constituents |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208093448/http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro%20stoxx%2050%20EU0009658145/constituents |archive-date=8 February 2019 |access-date=22 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Make Up For Ever]] was established in 1984,<ref>{{cite news |last=Wellington |first=Elizabeth |date=1 August 2013 |title=Mirror, Mirror: Joy! Make Up For Ever comes to King of Prussia |publisher=philly.com |url=http://articles.philly.com/2013-08-01/entertainment/40919009_1_makeup-artist-gina-brooke-creamy-eye-shadows |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003355/http://articles.philly.com/2013-08-01/entertainment/40919009_1_makeup-artist-gina-brooke-creamy-eye-shadows |url-status=dead }}</ref> and it was acquired by LVMH in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dany Sanz, pionnière du make-up |publisher=elle.fr |url=http://www.elle.fr/Beaute/Dossiers-beaute/Maquillage/Dany-Sanz-pionniere-du-make-up-933689 |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=13 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013225848/http://www.elle.fr/Beaute/Dossiers-beaute/Maquillage/Dany-Sanz-pionniere-du-make-up-933689 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 7 March 2011, LVMH announced the acquisition of the 50.4% family-owned shares of the Italian jeweller [[Bulgari]] and the intention to make a tender offer for the rest, which was publicly owned.<ref>{{cite news |last=Roberts, Andrew |date=7 March 2011 |title=LVMH Plans to Buy Bulgari for $5.2 Billion After Acquiring Majority Stake |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-07/bulgari-family-agrees-to-sell-a-controlling-stake-to-lvmh-in-share-swap.html |access-date=24 October 2011 |publisher=Bloomberg |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629034942/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-07/bulgari-family-agrees-to-sell-a-controlling-stake-to-lvmh-in-share-swap.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The transaction was about $5.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wendlandt |first1=Astrid |last2=Simpson |first2=Ian |date=7 March 2011 |title=LVMH bags jeweler Bulgari in $5.2&nbsp;billion deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bulgari-lvmh-idUSTRE7261BS20110307 |access-date=24 October 2011 |publisher=Reuters |archive-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429072531/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/07/us-bulgari-lvmh-idUSTRE7261BS20110307 |url-status=live }}</ref>

By 2012, LVMH established LCapitalAsia, a continuation of its private-equity arm, focused on Asia.<ref name="MW March 7" /> In early 2013, LVMH announced its co-investment of its private equity arm LCapitalAsia and the Chinese apparel company Xin Hee Co., Ltd.<ref name="MW March 7">{{cite web |last=Kang, Xiaoxiao |date=7 March 2013 |title=LVHM investing in Chinese mid-priced clothing market |url=http://www.morningwhistle.com/html/2013/Company_Industry_0307/217439.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326155003/http://www.morningwhistle.com/html/2013/Company_Industry_0307/217439.html |archive-date=26 March 2013 |publisher=Morning Whistle}}</ref>

In February 2014, LVMH entered into a joint venture with the Italian fashion brand Marco De Vincenzo, taking a minority 45% stake in the firm.<ref>{{cite web |last=Astrid Wendlandt |date=24 February 2014 |title=LVMH invests in Italian brand Marco de Vincenzo |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lvmh-vincenzo-idUSBREA1N0LB20140224 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=5 July 2021 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924193910/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/24/us-lvmh-vincenzo-idUSBREA1N0LB20140224 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LVMH Takes Stake in Marco de Vincenzo">{{cite web |last=Socha, Miles |date=24 February 2014 |title=LVMH Takes Stake in Marco de Vincenzo |url=http://www.wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/lvmh-said-investing-in-marco-de-vincenzo-7501401?src=nl/mornReport/20140224 |access-date=24 February 2014 |publisher=WWD |archive-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223203629/http://www.wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/lvmh-said-investing-in-marco-de-vincenzo-7501401?src=nl/mornReport/20140224 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, [[L Catterton]] Asia and Crescent Point, two private equity firms backed by LVMH, bought a majority stake in GXG.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Avery |date=1 April 2019 |title=LVMH-Backed Label to Widen Portfolio |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/fc/1/206482/LVMH-backed-label-to-widen-portfolio |website=The Standard |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908093619/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/fc/1/206482/LVMH-backed-label-to-widen-portfolio }}</ref>

In April 2017, LVMH announced it would gain ownership of [[Christian Dior]] haute couture, leather, men's and women's ready-to-wear, and footwear lines to integrate the entire [[Dior]] brand within its luxury group.<ref name="bof-christian-dior">{{cite web |last=Hoang |first=Limei |date=25 April 2017 |title=LVMH Takes Control of Christian Dior in $13 Billion Deal |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/lvmh-to-buy-christian-dior-couture-for-13-billion |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Business of Fashion |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418092619/https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/lvmh-to-buy-christian-dior-couture-for-13-billion |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2018, LVMH announced record sales of 42.6&nbsp;billion euros in 2017, up 13% over the previous year, as all divisions turned in strong performances. In the same year, the net profit increased by 29%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Luxury Group LVMH Cautious for 2018 Despite Record Profits |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2018-01-25/luxury-group-lvmh-cautious-for-2018-despite-record-profits |access-date=21 January 2019 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518185227/https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2018-01-25/luxury-group-lvmh-cautious-for-2018-despite-record-profits |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 November 2018, co-founder Alain Chevalier died at age 87.<ref name=wwd>{{cite web|url = https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/alain-chevalier-co-founder-of-lvmh-dies-at-1202897939/|title = Alain Chevalier, Co-founder of LVMH, Dies at 87|date = 4 November 2018|access-date = 6 November 2018|archive-date = 23 September 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230923225211/https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/alain-chevalier-co-founder-of-lvmh-dies-at-1202897939/|url-status = live}}</ref>

[[File:1995-1999 LVMH Tower, New York,.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[LVMH Tower]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], with its bluish, [[gem]]-shaped, angulated glass facade|alt=a tall blue glass building with angles]]

On 12 May 2019, the fashion house Fenty, styled as [[Fenty (brand)|FEИTY]], created by singer [[Rihanna]], was launched by LVMH in Paris. It is the first new fashion house by LVMH in 32 years, and she is the first woman of colour to head a brand under LVMH.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2019 |title=Rihanna makes history with new label |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48231978 |access-date=31 May 2019 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528080438/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48231978 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-13 |title=Everything We Know About Rihanna's New Fenty Perfume |url=https://sqandal.com/6495031/everything-we-know-about-rihannas-new-fenty-perfume |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Sqandal.com |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813213115/https://sqandal.com/6495031/everything-we-know-about-rihannas-new-fenty-perfume |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 July 2019, LVMH announced a new partnership to further develop the [[Stella McCartney]] House.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stella McCartney and LVMH announce a new partnership to further develop the Stella McCartney House |url=https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/press-releases/stella-mccartney-and-lvmh-announce-a-new-partnership-to-further-develop-the-stella-mccartney-house/ |access-date=28 November 2019 |website=LVMH |date=15 July 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128000351/https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/press-releases/stella-mccartney-and-lvmh-announce-a-new-partnership-to-further-develop-the-stella-mccartney-house/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 November 2019, LVMH announced its 55% stake in [[Château d'Esclans]], the producer best known for the brand Whispering Angel.<ref>{{cite web |title=LVMH buys into Whispering Angel |date=29 November 2019 |url=https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2019/11/bernard-arnault-buys-into-whispering-angel/ |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203151015/https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2019/11/bernard-arnault-buys-into-whispering-angel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The acquisition was part of LVMH's move to offer a beloved high-end rosé portfolio, in addition to reaching customers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moët Hennessy Buys Control of Luxury Rosé Leader Château d'Esclans |url=https://www.winespectator.com/articles/moet-hennessy-buys-control-of-luxury-rose-leader-chateau-d-esclans |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=Wine Spectator |archive-date=2 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202190132/https://www.winespectator.com/articles/moet-hennessy-buys-control-of-luxury-rose-leader-chateau-d-esclans |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Château d'Esclans Côtes-de-Provence: The World Leader in Luxury Rosé Wines Joins Moët Hennessy |url=https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/chateau-d-esclans-cotes-de-provence-the-world-leader-in-luxury-rose-wines-joins-moet-hennessy-830599781.html |access-date=3 December 2019 |website=www.prnewswire.co.uk |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203151024/https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/chateau-d-esclans-cotes-de-provence-the-world-leader-in-luxury-rose-wines-joins-moet-hennessy-830599781.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2019, LVMH expressed plans to acquire [[Tiffany & Co.]] for approximately US $16.2&nbsp;billion. The deal was expected to close by June 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=LVMH Acquires Tiffany & Co. For $16.2 Billion |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertanaas/2019/11/26/lvmh-aquires-tiffany--co-for-162--billion/#619c1bee69ab |access-date=30 November 2019 |website=Forbes |quote=LVMH will "develop this jewel with the same dedication and commitment that we have applied to each and every one of our Maisons. We will be proud to have Tiffany sit alongside our iconic brands and look forward to ensuring that Tiffany continues to thrive for centuries to come" |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803133638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertanaas/2019/11/26/lvmh-aquires-tiffany--co-for-162--billion/#619c1bee69ab |url-status=live }}</ref> LVMH issued a statement in September 2020 indicating that the takeover would not proceed and that the deal was "invalid," citing Tiffany's mismanagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="marketscreener">{{cite web |title=LVMH Says Tiffany's Handling of Pandemic invalidates deal |url=https://marketscreener.com/quote/stock/LVMH-MOET-HENNESSY-LOUI-4669/news/LVMH-Says-Tiffany-s-Handling-of-Pandemic-Invalidates-Deal-31267561/ |access-date=11 September 2020 |website=Market Screener |date=10 September 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202141305/https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/LVMH-MOET-HENNESSY-LOUIS-4669/news/LVMH-Says-Tiffany-s-Handling-of-Pandemic-Invalidates-Deal-31267561/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequently, Tiffany filed suit against LVMH, asking the court to compel the purchase or to assess damages against the defendant; LVMH planned to countersuit, alleging that mismanagement had invalidated the purchase agreement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grandmaster Bernard Arnault looks to the Tiffany endgame |url=https://www.24x7news.live/grandmaster%E2%80%89bernard-arnault-looks-to-the-tiffany-endgame/ |access-date=12 September 2020 |website=247 News |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518205834/https://www.24x7news.live/grandmaster%E2%80%89bernard-arnault-looks-to-the-tiffany-endgame/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

In mid-September 2020, a reliable source told ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' that the reason for Arnault's decision to cancel the Tiffany purchase was purely financial: because Tiffany was paying millions in dividends to shareholders despite a financial loss of US$32&nbsp;million during the pandemic. Some US$70&nbsp;million had already been paid out by Tiffany, with an additional US$70 million scheduled to be paid in November 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Billionaire Arnault On The Offensive After Tiffany Pays Out $140 Million Pandemic Dividends Despite $32 Million In Losses |url=https://www.24x7news.live/grandmaster%E2%80%89bernard-arnault-looks-to-the-tiffany-endgame/ |access-date=16 September 2020 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518205834/https://www.24x7news.live/grandmaster%E2%80%89bernard-arnault-looks-to-the-tiffany-endgame/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> LVMH filed a counterclaim against the court action commenced by Tiffany; a statement issued by LVMH blamed Tiffany's mismanagement during the pandemic and claimed that it was 'burning cash and reporting losses'".<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2020 |title=LVMH files countersuit against Tiffany over US$14.5B deal |url=https://beta.ctvnews.ca/national/business/2020/9/29/1_5124559.html |access-date=1 October 2020 |publisher=CTV News |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001215347/https://beta.ctvnews.ca/national/business/2020/9/29/1_5124559.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In late October 2020, Tiffany and LVMH agreed to go back to the original takeover plan, though at a slightly reduced price of nearly $16&nbsp;billion, a minor reduction of 2.6% from the aforementioned deal. The new deal reduced the amount paid per share by LVMH from the original price of $135 to $131.50.<ref>{{cite news |title=LVMH agrees to buy Tiffany for lower price |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/exxon-to-cut-global-workforce-by-15-percent-including-1900-us-jobs/2020/10/29/efbc31e6-19da-11eb-aeec-b93bcc29a01b_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=30 October 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104172754/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/exxon-to-cut-global-workforce-by-15-percent-including-1900-us-jobs/2020/10/29/efbc31e6-19da-11eb-aeec-b93bcc29a01b_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of late 2020, LVMH has the largest market capitalization of any company in France,<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2020 |title=Tiffany Agrees To Accept Lower Price For Acquisition By LVMH |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tiffany-agrees-to-accept-lower-price-for-acquisition-by-lvmh-1029739231 |access-date=29 October 2020 |publisher=Business Insider |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009165938/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tiffany-agrees-to-accept-lower-price-for-acquisition-by-lvmh-1029739231 |url-status=live }}</ref> and also in the [[Eurozone]] with a record of 261&nbsp;billion euros ($317.6&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web |title=LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA Unsponsored ADR (LVMUY : OTCMKTS) Stock Price & News - Google Finance |url=https://www.google.com/finance/ |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=www.google.com |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127000512/https://www.google.com/finance |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2020, Arnault's own fortune was nearly half that, with a personal net worth of $151.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Arnault & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bernard-arnault/ |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Forbes |archive-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905084308/https://www.forbes.com/profile/bernard-arnault/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

LVMH completed the purchase of Tiffany in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Piscioneri |first=Francesca |date=26 January 2021 |title=More carats and sparkle: How LVMH plans to change Tiffany |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lvmh-tiffany-changes-focus/more-carats-and-sparkle-how-lvmh-plans-to-change-tiffany-idUSKBN29V0JH |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518205828/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lvmh-tiffany-changes-focus/more-carats-and-sparkle-how-lvmh-plans-to-change-tiffany-idUSKBN29V0JH |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, with a valuation of $329&nbsp;billion, LVMH became the most valuable company in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cormack|first=Rachel|date=2 March 2021|title=At $329 Billion, LVMH Is Now the Most Valuable Company in Europe|url=https://robbreport.com/lifestyle/news/lvmh-is-now-the-most-valuable-company-in-europe-1234599368/|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Robb Report|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521140850/https://robbreport.com/lifestyle/news/lvmh-is-now-the-most-valuable-company-in-europe-1234599368/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2022, LVMH acquired a minority stake in the New York-based label [[Aimé Leon Dore]] for an undisclosed sum. The investment was made through the conglomerate's LVMH Luxury Ventures arm.<ref>{{cite web|title=LVMH acquires stake in New York-based label Aimé Leon Dore {{!}} The Industry Fashion|url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/lvmh-acquires-stake-in-new-york-based-label-aime-leon-dore/|access-date=18 January 2022|website=|date=18 January 2022|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118155259/https://www.theindustry.fashion/lvmh-acquires-stake-in-new-york-based-label-aime-leon-dore/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, LVMH announced the closure of its 120+ stores in Russia, pointing to "the current circumstances in the region",<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Maheshwari |first=Sapna |date=2022-03-04 |title=Luxury giants LVMH and Hermès will close stores in Russia temporarily |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/04/business/lvmh-hermes-russia.html |access-date=2022-08-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815045700/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/04/business/lvmh-hermes-russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> subsequent to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. An LVMH spokesperson stated the company would continue to pay salary and benefits to its 3,500 employees in Russia.<ref name=":1" /> In November 2022, it was announced LVMH had acquired the [[Piedmont]]-based jewelry maker Pedemonte Group.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shoaib |first=Maliha |date=2022-11-25 |title=LVMH acquires jewellery producer Pedemonte Group |work=Vogue Business |url=https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/lvmh-acquires-jewellery-producer-pedemonte-group |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126211252/https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/lvmh-acquires-jewellery-producer-pedemonte-group |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 24 April 2023, LVMH became the first European company to reach a $500&nbsp;billion valuation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ponthus |first=Julien |date=24 April 2023 |title=LVMH's Market Value Surpasses $500 Billion, a First in Europe |url-status=live |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-24/lvmh-s-market-value-surpasses-500-billion-a-first-in-europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427160511/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-24/lvmh-s-market-value-surpasses-500-billion-a-first-in-europe?leadSource=uverify%20wall |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref>

In November 2023, LVMH agreed to acquire the Los Angeles-based eyewear brand Barton Perreira for $80 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Frank |first=Robert |title=LVMH Buys Eyewear Brand Barton Perreira As It Looks to Rebound from Luxury Slowdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/06/lvmh-buys-eyewear-brand-barton-perreira.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2023 |access-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106171316/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/06/lvmh-buys-eyewear-brand-barton-perreira.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2024, LVMH acquired Swiza, the owner of L'Epée 1839,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Prachi |date=2024-06-26 |title=LVMH acquires high-end Swiss clock maker L'Epée 1839 |url=https://fashionunited.com/executive/report/lvmh-acquires-high-end-swiss-clock-maker-lepee-1839/2024062660609 |website=FashionUnited |access-date=2024-06-27 }}</ref> a Swiss manufacturer known for high-end clocks and 'horological creations'.{{clarify|date=March 2025}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=LVMH strengthens its Watches Division with the acquisition of L'Epée 1839 |url=https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/news/lvmh-strengthens-its-watches-division-with-the-acquisition-of-lepee-1839/ |website=LVMH |access-date=2024-06-27 }}</ref> L'Epée 1839 produces intricate clocks, including those with perpetual calendars and tourbillons.