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Laburnum
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==Description== The ''Laburnum'' trees are [[deciduous]]. The leaves are trifoliate, somewhat like a [[clover]]; the leaflets are typically {{convert|2|β|3|cm|in|1|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long in ''L. anagyroides'' and {{convert|4|β|5|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long in ''L. alpinum''. They have yellow pea-[[flower]]s in pendulous leafless [[raceme]]s {{convert|10|β|40|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long in spring, which makes them very popular garden trees. In ''L. anagyroides'', the racemes are {{convert|10|β|20|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long, with densely packed flowers; in ''L. alpinum'' the racemes are {{convert|20|β|30|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long, but with the flowers sparsely along the raceme.<ref>Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> The fruit develops as a [[Legume|pod]] and is extremely poisonous.<ref>Kilbracken, J. 1989. ''Easy way guide Trees''. Larousse. {{ISBN|0-7523-0027-X}}</ref> The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic name 'golden chain tree' (also written as golden chaintree or goldenchain tree). [[Image:Laburnum anagyroides flowering.jpg|thumb|left|Laburnum tree in full flower]] All parts of the plant are [[poison]]ous, although mortality is very rare.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Forrester R.M. | title = Have you Eaten Laburnum? | year = 1979 | journal = The Lancet| volume = 313 | issue = 8125 | pages = 1073 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)92963-5 | pmid = 86787 | s2cid = 38961471 }}</ref> Symptoms of laburnum poisoning may include intense sleepiness, vomiting, convulsive movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In some cases, diarrhea is very severe, and at times the convulsions are markedly [[Tetanic contraction|tetanic]]. The main toxin in the plant is [[cytisine]], a nicotinic receptor [[agonist]]. It is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[Palearctic]] moth, the [[buff-tip]].
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