Editing Ladybird Books (section)

==History==
The company traces its origins to 1867, when Henry Wills opened a bookshop in Loughborough, Leicestershire. Within a decade he progressed to printing and publishing [[guidebook]]s and [[street directory|street directories]]. He was joined by William Hepworth in 1904, and the company traded as Wills & Hepworth.

By August 1914, Wills & Hepworth had published their first children's books, under the Ladybird imprint.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Lorraine|last1=Johnson|first2=Brian|last2=Alderson|author-link2=Brian Alderson (children's book critic)|title=The Ladybird Story: children's books for everyone|location=London|publisher=[[British Library]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7123-5728-9|page=13}}</ref> From the beginning, the company was identified by a [[ladybird]] [[logo]], at first with open wings, but eventually changed to the more familiar closed-wing ladybird in the late 1950s. The ladybird logo has since undergone several redesigns, the latest of which was launched in 2006.

Wills & Hepworth began trading as Ladybird Books in 1971 as a direct result of the brand recognition that their imprint had achieved in Britain. In the 1960s and 1970s the company's [[Key Words Reading Scheme]] (launched in 1964) was heavily used by British [[primary school]]s, using a reduced vocabulary<ref>"McNally and Murray (1968) claimed that while the average adult had a speaking vocabulary of about 20,000 words, an extremely large proportion of the language which people produced, and read, was made up of just 250 words. They then argued that if pupils were systematically taught these 250 words, they would be able to read the vast majority of any text they came across. The Ladybird Keywords reading scheme was devised to focus upon these keywords..." McNally, J. and Murray, W. (1968) Key Words to Literacy and the Teaching of Reading: a Basic Word List for Developing Early Reading and Writing Skills. London, Schoolmaster Publishing, cited in Janan, D., & Wray, D. (2012). ''Guidance on the principles of language accessibility in National Curriculum assessments: research background''.</ref> to help children learn to read.<ref>Skelton, C. (1997). Revisiting gender issues in reading schemes. Education 3-13, 25(1), 37–43. Chicago</ref> This series of 36 small-format hardback books presented [[stereotype]]d models of British family life: the innocence of [[Peter and Jane]] at play, Mum the [[housewife]], and Dad the [[Breadwinner model|breadwinner]].<ref>Whiting, D. S. (1981). "Sex Role Stereotyping and Ladybird Books". In ''Forum for the Discussion of New Trends in Education'' (Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 84–85). Chicago</ref> Many of the illustrations in this series were by [[Harry Wingfield]], [[John Berry (illustrator)|John Berry]], [[Martin Aitchison]], [[Frank Hampson]] and [[Charles Tunnicliffe]].

In the 1960s, Ladybird produced the Learnabout series of non-fiction (informational) books, some of which were used by adults as well as children.

An independent company for much of its life, Ladybird Books became part of the [[Pearson plc|Pearson Group]] in 1972. However, falling demand in the late 1990s led Pearson to fully merge Ladybird into its [[Penguin Books]] subsidiary in 1998, joining other established names in British children's books such as [[Puffin Books]], [[Dorling Kindersley]] and [[Frederick Warne & Co|Frederick Warne]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweeweb.co.uk/public/news_article.php?id=61|title=Ladybird Books to close Loughborough plant|date=30 November 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030927141139/http://www.theweeweb.co.uk/public/news_article.php?id=61|archive-date=27 September 2003|access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> The Ladybird offices and printing factory in Loughborough closed the same year, and much of the company's archive of historic artwork was transferred to public collections.

In November 2014, Ladybird signed up to the [[Let Books Be Books]] campaign and announced that it was "committed" to avoiding labelling books as "for girls" or "for boys" and would be removing such gender labelling in reprinted copies. The publisher added: "Out of literally hundreds of titles currently in print, we actually only have six titles with this kind of titling". Its parent company, Penguin Random House Children's division, would also be following suit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Flood |first=Alison |title= Ladybird drops branding books 'for boys' or 'for girls' |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/nov/20/ladybird-drops-branding-books-for-boys-girls-childrens|access-date=24 November 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-30143662|title=Ladybird drops gender-specific children's book titles|date=21 November 2014|website=BBC News|access-date=24 November 2014}}</ref>

Imprints of Ladybird Books included Balloon, Paperbird, Sunbird,<ref>Sally Wecksler. International Literary Market Place: ILMP 1994. R R Bowker. 1994. pp 443, 493 & 508. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6CpYAAAAMAAJ Google Books].</ref> and Disney.<ref>ILMP: International Literary Market Place: 1999. Bowker. 1999. p. 594. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jKcpAQAAIAAJ Google Books].</ref>

===Adults and parodies===
In October 2015, it was announced that Ladybird books would be publishing its first series of books for adults. The eight books, which parody the style and artwork of the company’s books for children, include the titles ''The Hangover'', ''Mindfulness'', ''Dating'' and ''The Hipster'', and were written by television comedy writers [[Jason Hazeley]] and [[Joel Morris]]. They were published on 18 November 2015.<ref name="BBC News 12 October 2015">{{cite web | title= Spoof Ladybird books target adult market |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34503866|date= 12 October 2015| website= [[BBC News Online]] | access-date= 12 October 2015}}</ref> The series follows a trend of other spoof Ladybird books including ''We Go to the Gallery'' by [[Miriam Elia]] who had previously been threatened with legal action by Penguin.<ref>{{cite news|last=Armistead|first=Claire|author-link=Claire Armitstead|date=22 September 2015|title=The flyaway success of the Ladybird art prank|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/22/the-flyaway-success-of-the-ladybird-art-prank|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> On 5 July 2016, Touchstone Books, an [[Simon & Schuster#Adult publishing|imprint of Simon & Schuster]], announced that they would publish American adaptations of the Ladybird Books for Grown-ups, called The Fireside Grown-Up Guides.<ref name="AdWeek 5 July 2016">{{cite web | title= Touchstone to Publish an American Version of the Ladybird Books for Grown-Ups Series |url= http://www.adweek.com/galleycat/touchstone-to-publish-an-american-version-of-the-ladybird-books-for-grown-ups-series/122117| author=<!--Maryann Yin-->|date= 5 July 2016| website= [[AdWeek]] | access-date= 5 August 2016}}</ref>

[[Ladybird Expert]] (Series 117) was launched in January 2017 following the success of Ladybird for Grown-Ups. The books in this series are not parodies, but instead use the classic format to serve as clear introductions to a wide variety of subjects, generally in the fields of science and history.<ref name="The Bookseller 15 January 2017">{{cite web | title= Prince Charles pens climate change book for new Ladybird Expert series |url= https://www.thebookseller.com/news/prince-charles-pens-climate-change-book-new-ladybird-expert-series-470481| author= Lisa Campbell and Katherine Cowdrey|date= 15 January 2017| website= [[The Bookseller]] | access-date= 2 January 2019}}</ref> The first book published and the inspiration for the series is ''Climate Change'' by [[Charles, Prince of Wales|the Prince of Wales]], [[Tony Juniper]] and [[Emily Shuckburgh]].<ref name="The Bookseller 15 January 2017" /> Four more titles were released in 2017 by [[Jim Al-Khalili]] (''Quantum Mechanics''), [[Steve Jones (biologist)|Steve Jones]] (''Evolution''), [[James Holland (author)|James Holland]] (''The Battle of Britain'') and [[Ben Saunders (explorer)|Ben Saunders]] (''Shackleton'').<ref name="The Bookseller 15 January 2017" /> The line was expanded with fifteen further books in 2018 and more titles were published in 2019.