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Land run
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==In Oklahoma== After years of raids—led by the leaders of the [[Boomers (Oklahoma settlers)|Boomers]] activist movement such as [[David L. Payne]]—into the central area of what would become the U.S. state of [[Oklahoma]], Congress finally agreed to open what was dubbed the [[Unassigned Lands]]. Seven land runs in all took place in Oklahoma, beginning with the initial and most famous [[Land Rush of 1889|Land Rush of April 22, 1889]], which gave rise to the terms "Eighty-Niner" (a veteran of that run) and "[[Sooner]]." That area led to today's [[Canadian County, Oklahoma|Canadian]], [[Cleveland County, Oklahoma|Cleveland]], [[Kingfisher County, Oklahoma|Kingfisher]], [[Logan County, Oklahoma|Logan]], [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]], and [[Payne County, Oklahoma|Payne]] counties of Oklahoma.<ref name=genweb /> The nearly two million acres of land opened up to white settlement was located in Indian Territory, a large area that once encompassed much of modern-day Oklahoma. The [[Indian Removal Act]] of 1830 eventually led to the [[Trail of Tears]]. Creek and Seminole tribes were granted area known before the Land Run as the Unassigned Lands. Some American Indian tribes signed a treaty of alliance with the Confederacy in 1861. Initially considered unsuitable for white colonization, Indian Territory was thought to be an ideal place to relocate Native Americans who were removed from their traditional lands to make way for white settlement. The relocations began in 1817, and by the 1880s, Indian Territory was a new home to a variety of tribes, including the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Cheyenne, Comanche, and Apache. The [[Land Run of 1891|Land Run of September 22, 1891]], opened the [[Iowa tribe|Iowa]], [[Sac and Fox Nation|Sac and Fox]], [[Potawatomi]], and [[Shawnee (tribe)|Shawnee]] lands to settlement. The land run opened 6,097 plots of {{convert|160|acre|ha}} each of former reservation land.<ref name="genweb">[http://okgenweb.org/~land/ Oklahoma Land Run Openings 1889–1907] (accessed October 6, 2013).</ref> On the following day, a land run was held to settle [[Tecumseh, Oklahoma|Tecumseh]], the pre-designated location of the [[county seat]] of County B, later renamed as [[Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma|Pottawatomie County]]. On September 28, 1891, another land run was held to settle [[Chandler, Oklahoma|Chandler]], the pre-designated location of the county seat of County A, later renamed as [[Lincoln County, Oklahoma|Lincoln County]]. The [[Land Run of 1892|Land Run of April 19, 1892]], opened the [[Cheyenne]] and [[Arapaho]] lands. The [[Land Run of 1893|Land Run of September 16, 1893]] was known as the [[Cherokee Outlet|Cherokee Strip]] Land Run. It opened 8,144,682.91 acres (12,726 square miles or about 3.3 million hectares) to settlement. The land was purchased from the [[Cherokee]]s. It was the largest land run in U.S. history, four times larger than the [[Land Rush of 1889]].<ref>Green, Donald E., "[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SE024 Settlement Patterns]," ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'', 2009. Accessed March 1, 2015.</ref> The [[Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center]] museum at the eastern edge of [[Enid, Oklahoma]] commemorates this event. The final land run in Oklahoma was the [[Land Run of 1895]] to settle the [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo]] lands. Each run had exhibited many problems and the Federal Government deemed the run to be an inefficient way to distribute land to would-be settlers. After 1895, the government distributed land by sealed-bid auctions. Major openings by this method included Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation (1901), the Wichita-Caddo Reservation (1901), and the Big Pasture (1906).<ref name="EOHC-LandOpen">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=LA016 Everett, Dianna. "Land Openings." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.] Accessed July 22, 2016.</ref> There was one land run in the 20th century, but on a much smaller scale, held to select lots in the community of [[Arcadia, Oklahoma|Arcadia]], on August 6, 1901. This was similar to the run to settle Chandler in 1891.<ref name="EOHC-Apache">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AP001 Young, Roy B. "Apache," ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.''] Accessed September 1, 2016.</ref>
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