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Landscape engineering
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==Example== {{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}} An example of contemporary landscape engineering and [[natural resources management]] related to the [[Biosphere 2]] and [[seawater farming]] projects, is the [[IBTS Greenhouse]], formerly the Forest City designed for the Emirate of [[Ras al Khaimah]]. The IBTS rests on a thoroughly integrated design with more than 340 different engineering, science and technology disciplines. It was created for [[desert greening]] of hot, arid deserts and optimized for fresh water production from saline, or brackish water. The Integrated Biotectural System is based on a wetland, more specifically a [[mangrove]] eco-system designed for food and fodder production of 80tons per hectare and year, also called [[mariculture]]. The atmosphere inside the IBTS is turned into a potent water source and harvested with a combination of condensation utilities which makes it a more energy efficient desalination facility than industrial plants. It can produce 500.000m3 of distilled water per day while reclaiming 1000ha of hot arid desert lands. The electricity for the desalination is produced by an on-site forest of [[micro wind turbine]]s located on the same footprint. These numbers are important because the performance data of for-profit engineered landscapes like wetlands for wastewater treatment or [[agro-ecological]] farming sites distinguishes technically feasible from financially and ecologically beneficial projects. The IBTS is an example for [[sustainable landscape design]] that reclaims and recreates productive ecosystems including seawater farming, aquaculture, farming, forestry and residence for a human population. It has become feasible because of the design of a Bedouin Greenhouse-shape, automatic construction and maintenance of the vast membrane Sky-roof. The up-front and operational cost could thus be reduced so far that entire landscapes can be covered permanently, not in a common greenhouse fashion, but with an architectural structure that allows for a real-size forest and urban development below the Sky-roof. The inherent concepts of the IBTS can be used to engineer, terra-form and activate deserts and other landscapes with harsh conditions. In 2015 the governor of Alaska received an offer for a fully self-sufficient multi-residence housing project based on the concepts developed for the IBTS project and adopted for arctic climate by the developer TS Prototype-Creation.
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