Editing Languages of India (section)

==History==
{{Main|Linguistic history of India}}{{Further|Persian language in the Indian subcontinent}}
The [[Southern Indian]] languages are from the [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian family]]. The Dravidian languages are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y88nzRtTNUAC|title=India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200|last=Avari|first=Burjor|date=11 June 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134251629}}</ref> [[Proto-Dravidian language]]s were spoken in India in the 4th millennium BCE and started disintegrating into various branches around 3rd millennium BCE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andronov |first=Mikhail Sergeevich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhB60gYvnLgC |title=A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=9783447044554 |pages=299}}</ref> The Dravidian languages are classified in four groups: North, Central (Kolami–Parji), South-Central (Telugu–Kui), and South Dravidian (Tamil-Kannada).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishnamurti |first=Bhadriraju |title=The Dravidian Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0521771110 |pages=19–20}}</ref>

The [[North India|Northern Indian]] languages from the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] branch of the [[Indo-European family]] evolved from Old [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] by way of the [[Middle Indo-Aryan]] [[Prakrit]] languages and [[Apabhraṃśa]] of the [[Middle Ages]]. The Indo-Aryan languages developed and emerged in three stages&nbsp;— Old Indo-Aryan (1500 BCE to 600 BCE), Middle Indo-Aryan stage (600 BCE and 1000 CE), and New Indo-Aryan (between 1000 CE and 1300 CE). The modern north Indian Indo-Aryan languages all evolved into distinct, recognisable languages in the New Indo-Aryan Age.<ref name="Kachru2006">{{cite book|last=Kachru|first=Yamuna|title=Hindi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooH5VfLTQEQC|series=London Oriental and African language library|date=1 January 2006|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=90-272-3812-X|page=1}}</ref>

In the [[Northeast India]], among the [[Sino-Tibetan languages]], [[Meitei language]] (officially known as [[Manipuri language]]) was the court language of the [[Manipur Kingdom]] ({{langx|mni|Meeteileipak}}). It was honoured before and during the [[Durbar (court)|darbar]] sessions before Manipur was merged into the Dominion of the Indian Republic. Its history of existence spans from 1500 to 2000 years according to most eminent scholars including [[Padma Vibhushan]] awardee [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=manipuri+court+language&pg=PA290 |title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-853-2 |pages=290}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=P. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkguECp3vKEC&dq=manipuri+court+language&pg=PA149 |title=Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in India: In Five Volume |date=2006 |publisher= Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-052-5 |pages=149}}</ref> Even according to the "Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947" of the once independent Manipur, Manipuri and English were made the court languages of the kingdom (before merging into Indian Republic).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&dq=manipuri+court+language&pg=PA369 |title=Manipur: Treatise & Documents |date=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-399-5 |pages=369}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&dq=manipuri+court+language&pg=PA255 |title=Manipur: Treatise & Documents |date=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-399-5 |pages=255}}</ref>

[[Persian language|Persian]], or ''Farsi'', was [[Persian language in South Asia|brought]] into India by the [[Ghaznavids]] and other [[Delhi Sultanate|Turko-Afghan dynasties]] as the court language. Culturally Persianized, they, in combination with the later [[Mughal dynasty]] (of [[Turco-Mongol]] origin), influenced the art, history, and literature of the region for more than 500 years, resulting in the Persianisation of many Indian tongues, mainly lexically. In 1837, the British replaced Persian with English and Hindustani in Perso-Arabic script for administrative purposes and the Hindi movement of the 19th Century replaced Persianised vocabulary with [[Sanskritism|Sanskrit derivations]] and replaced or supplemented the use of Perso-Arabic script for administrative purposes with Devanagari.<ref name="KachruKachru2008"/><ref name="Brass2005">{{cite book|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|title=Language, Religion and Politics in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SylBHS8IJAUC&pg=PA129|year=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-34394-2|page=129}}</ref>

Each of the northern Indian languages had different influences. For example, [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] was strongly influenced by [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]], leading to the emergence of [[Modern Standard Hindi]] and [[Modern Standard Urdu]] as [[register (sociolinguistics)|registers]] of the Hindustani language.
[[Bengali language|Bangla]] on the other hand has retained its Sanskritic roots while heavily expanding its vocabulary with words from Persian, English, French and other foreign languages.<ref name="KulshreshthaMathur2012">{{cite book|last1=Kulshreshtha|first1=Manisha|last2=Mathur|first2=Ramkumar|title=Dialect Accent Features for Establishing Speaker Identity: A Case Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHmARyhRoNYC&pg=PA16|date=24 March 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-1137-6|page=16}}</ref><ref name="nunley1999">{{Citation | title=The Cultural Landscape an Introduction to Human Geography |author1=Robert E. Nunley |author2=Severin M. Roberts |author3=George W. Wubrick |author4=Daniel L. Roy | year=1999 | isbn=0-13-080180-1 | publisher=Prentice Hall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wQAOGMJOqIC | quote=''... Hindustani is the basis for both languages ...''}}</ref>