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Laparotomy
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==Origins and history== The first successful laparotomy was performed without anesthesia by [[Ephraim McDowell]] in 1809 in [[Danville, Kentucky]]. On July 13, 1881, [[George E. Goodfellow]] treated a miner outside [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]], Arizona Territory, who had been shot in the abdomen with a .32-caliber Colt revolver. Goodfellow was able to operate on the man nine days after he was shot, when he performed the first laparotomy to treat a bullet wound.<ref name=quebbeman>{{cite web|last=Quebbeman|first=Frances Elizabeth|title=Medicine In Territorial Arizona|url=http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/284659/1/azu_td_6605030_sip1_m.pdf|access-date=7 December 2013|publisher=University of Arizona|year=1966|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210125529/http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/284659/1/azu_td_6605030_sip1_m.pdf|archive-date=10 December 2013}}</ref>
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