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Lateral click
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== Lateral click consonants and their transcription == In official IPA transcription, the click letter is combined with a {{angbr IPA|k ɡ ŋ q ɢ ɴ}} via a tie bar, though {{angbr IPA|k}} is frequently omitted. Many authors instead use a superscript {{angbr IPA|k ɡ ŋ q ɢ ɴ}} without the tie bar, again often neglecting the {{angbr IPA|k}}. Either letter, whether baseline or superscript, is usually placed before the click letter, but may come after when the release of the velar or uvular occlusion is audible. A third convention is the click letter with diacritics for voicelessness, voicing and nasalization; this does not distinguish velar from uvular lateral clicks. Common lateral clicks in these three transcriptions are: {| class="wikitable" ! Trans. I !! Trans. II !! Trans. III !! Description |- ! colspan=4| (velar) |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|k͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᵏǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁ}} | ''[[tenuis lateral click]]'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|k͜ǁʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᵏǁʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁʰ}} | ''[[aspirated consonant|aspirated]] lateral click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ɡ͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᶢǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁ̬}} | ''[[voiced lateral click]]'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ŋ͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᵑǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁ̬̃}} | ''[[lateral nasal click]]'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ŋ͜ǁ̥ʰʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᵑǁ̥ʰʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁ̥̃ʰʰ}} | ''aspirated lateral nasal click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ŋ͜ǁˀ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᵑǁˀ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ǁ̃ˀ}} | ''[[glottalized lateral nasal click]]'' |- ! colspan=4| (uvular) |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|q͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|𐞥ǁ}} | | ''tenuis lateral click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|q͜ǁʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|𐞥ǁʰ}} | | ''aspirated lateral click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ɢ͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|𐞒ǁ}} | | ''voiced lateral click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ɴ͜ǁ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᶰǁ}} | | ''lateral nasal click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ɴ͜ǁ̥ʰʰ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᶰǁ̥ʰʰ}} | | ''aspirated lateral nasal click'' |- | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ɴ͜ǁˀ}} | style="font-size:24px" align="center"|{{angbr IPA|ᶰǁˀ}} | | ''glottalized lateral nasal click'' |} The last is what is heard in the sound sample above, as non-native speakers tend to glottalize clicks to avoid nasalizing them. In the orthographies of individual languages, the letters and digraphs for lateral clicks may be based on either the vertical bar symbol of the IPA, {{angbr IPA|ǁ}}, or on the Latin {{angbr|x}} of Bantu convention. [[Nama language|Nama]] and most [[Bushman]] languages use the former; [[Naro language|Naro]], [[Sandawe language|Sandawe]], and [[Zulu language|Zulu]] use the latter.
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