Editing Laughing dove (section)

==Taxonomy==
In 1760 the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] included a description of the laughing dove in his six volume ''Ornithologie'' based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name ''La tourterelle à gorge tachetée du Sénégal'' and the Latin ''Tutur gutture maculato senegalensis''.<ref name=brisson>{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=1 | language=fr, la | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=125–127, Plate 8 fig 3 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010553 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.</ref> Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial system]] and are not recognised by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]].<ref name=allen>{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }}</ref> When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] updated his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' for the [[12th edition of Systema Naturae|twelfth edition]], he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.<ref name=allen/> One of these was the laughing dove which he placed with all the other pigeons in the genus ''[[Columba (genus)|Columba]]''. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the [[binomial name]] ''Columba senegalensis'' and cited Brisson's work.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii  | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=la | page=283 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946479 }}</ref>

For many years the laughing dove was placed in the genus ''[[Streptopelia]]''.<ref name=peters>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | pages=98–100 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477813 }}</ref> A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2001 found this genus was [[paraphyletic]] with respect to ''Columba''.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Johnson | first1=K.P. | last2=De Kort | first2=S | last3=Dinwoodey | first3=K. | last4=Mateman | first4=A.C. | last5=Ten Cate | first5=C. | last6=Lessells | first6=C.M. | last7=Clayton | first7=D.H. | year=2001| journal=Auk| volume=118 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera ''Streptopelia'' and ''Columba''| issue=4 | pages=874–887 | doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0874:AMPOTD]2.0.CO;2 | doi-access=free | url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/p00874-p00887.pdf }}</ref> To create [[monophyletic]] genera the laughing dove as well as the closely related [[spotted dove]] were moved to the resurrected genus ''[[Spilopelia]]'' that had been introduced by the Swedish zoologist [[Carl Jakob Sundevall|Carl Sundevall]] in 1873.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sundevall | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Jakob Sundevall | title=Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen. Försök till fogelklassens naturenliga uppställnung | language=la | year= 1872 | publisher=Samson and Wallin| place=Stockholm | pages=100, 186 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52164515}} Although the title page in dated 1872, the part containing pages 100 and 186 was published in 1873.</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Pigeons | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pigeons/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=9 March 2020 }}</ref>

Five populations with small plumage and size differences have been given the status of subspecies:<ref name=ioc/>
* ''S. s. phoenicophila'' ([[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1916) – Morocco to northwest Libya
* ''S. s. aegyptiaca'' ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790) – Nile Valley (Egypt)
* ''S. s. senegalensis'' (Linnaeus, 1766) – '''southern laughing dove''', west Arabia, [[Socotra|Socotra Island]], Africa south of the Sahara
* ''S. s. cambayensis'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789) – east Arabia and east Iran to Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
* ''S. s. ermanni'' ([[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1856) – Kazakhstan, north Afghanistan, west China

Several other subspecies have been described but are not now generally recognised. These include ''S. s. sokotrae'' on Socotra Island, ''S. s. dakhlae'' in the [[Dakhla Oasis]], Egypt and ''S. s. thome'' on [[São Tomé Island]].<ref name=peters/>