Editing Lauritz Melchior (section)

==Biography==
===Early years===
Born '''Lauritz Lebrecht Hommel Melchior''' in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], the young Melchior was a [[Treble voice|treble]] and amateur singer before starting his first operatic vocal studies under Paul Bang at the Royal Opera School in Copenhagen at the age of 18 in 1908.

His sister, Agnes Melchior (1883–1945), was a blind Danish [[Esperantist]].

In 1913, Melchior made his debut as a baritone in the secondary role of Silvio in [[Ruggero Leoncavallo]]'s ''[[Pagliacci]]'' at the [[Det Kongelige Teater|Royal Theatre]] (Det Kongelige Teater) in Copenhagen. He sang mostly secondary baritone and bass roles for the Royal Danish Opera and provincial Scandinavian opera companies for the next few years.

[[File:Royal Danish Theatre, Copenhagen.jpg|thumb|The Royal Danish Theatre, where Melchior made his operatic debut]]

One night, while on tour, Melchior helped an ailing soprano performing in ''[[Il trovatore]]'' by singing a high C in the Act IV Leonara and De Luna duet. The American contralto [[Sara Cahier|Mme Charles Cahier]], who was singing the role of Azucena, was impressed by the tone she had heard and gave her young colleague sound advice: he was no baritone, but a tenor "with the lid on." She even contacted the Royal Opera pleading that Melchior be given a sabbatical and a stipend to restudy his voice. This he did during 1917 and 1918, studying with the noted Danish tenor [[Vilhelm Herold]] (1865–1937) who had sung Wagnerian roles at [[Covent Garden Opera|Covent Garden]], the [[Chicago Opera]] and elsewhere from 1900 to 1915. This proved to be a turning point in Melchior's career. His high baritone voice was recast into that of a low tenor, but with a strong high extension. His second debut was on 8 October 1918 in the title role of ''[[Tannhäuser (opera)|Tannhäuser]]'', also at the Royal Opera in Copenhagen.

In 1920, Melchior visited England to sing in an experimental radio broadcast to the Scandinavian capital cities from the [[Guglielmo Marconi|Marconi]] station in [[Chelmsford, England|Chelmsford]]. From 1920, Melchior was a frequent performer in London, appearing at [[Henry Wood|Sir Henry J. Wood]]'s [[The Proms|Prom Concerts]] in [[Queen's Hall]].

In September 1920, when he was singing the Steersman's Song, from Wagner's ''[[Der fliegende Holländer]]'' at a Prom Concert, he met the popular novelist and passionate Wagnerite [[Hugh Walpole]] and the two quickly became firm friends, travelling together and staying in each other's houses. On a visit to Walpole's cottage in [[Polperro]] Melchior "caused a sensation by singing at a concert in the village", and later on a visit to Helston he and Walpole both took part in the [[Floral Dance]]. In December 1921 on a visit with Walpole to his (Walpole's) parents in Edinburgh, Melchior gave a concert in the Usher Hall. Walpole provided the fledgling [[Heldentenor]] with financial aid in February 1922, paying in advance two-thirds of the fees for his studies under [[Victor Beigel]]. In 1923, Walpole gave Melchior a further £800, enabling him to continue his studies with [[Ernst Grenzebach]] and the legendary dramatic soprano of the [[Vienna Court Opera]], [[Anna von Mildenburg|Anna Bahr von Mildenburg]].<ref name="Walpole">{{cite book|last=Hart-Davis|first=Rupert|title=Hugh Walpole|year=1985|publisher=Hamish Hamilton|isbn=978-0-241-11406-3|pages=197, 207, 218, 232, 264}}</ref>

===As a leading ''Heldentenor''===
Word of his talent spread and was heard of by [[Cosima Wagner|Cosima]] and [[Siegfried Wagner]] at [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus|Bayreuth]]. There the re-opening of the Festival for 1924 was under preparation. Melchior was engaged to sing Siegmund and Parsifal. This prestigious contract opened the way to several other appearances such as a Wagner concert with [[Frida Leider]] in Berlin in 1923. Around this time several acoustic records were cut for Polydor.

On May 14, 1924, Lauritz Melchior made his debut, as Siegmund, at the [[Royal Opera House]] at [[Covent Garden]] in London. The result was a smashing success. Some weeks later Melchior made his debut on the stage of the [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus|Festspielhaus]] in [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus|Bayreuth]] in the roles of Siegmund and Parsifal. In July 1925 Adolf Hitler attended a performance of ''[[Parsifal]]'' in Bayreuth as a guest of [[Winifred Wagner]]. According to Walpole, who was sitting in Wagner's box next to Hitler, as Melchior sang, "the tears poured down Hitler's cheeks".<ref name="Walpole" /> On February 17, 1926, his first appearance at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in New York City took place. He sang Tannhäuser opposite [[Maria Jeritza]], [[Friedrich Schorr]], [[Karin Branzell]], and [[Michael Bohnen]] with [[Artur Bodanzky]] conducting. Although he was not adversely criticized, there was not much enthusiasm elicited by this debut. In his first season at the Metropolitan opera, Melchior sang only eight times. His second season brought only one appearance. To build up his repertory and gain more stage experience, he accepted an engagement at the [[Hamburg State Opera]], where he appeared as [[Lohengrin (opera)|Lohengrin]], [[Otello]], Radames in ''[[Aida]]'' and Jean van Leyden in ''[[Le prophète]]''. He also sang regularly at other major German music theaters, like the State Operas of [[Berlin State Opera|Berlin]] and [[Bavarian State Opera|Munich]].

[[File:LauritzmelchiorPLUSkids.jpg|thumb|Melchior with his children]]

Although Melchior sang at most of the theatres and concert halls of the [[Western world]] during his long career, he is perhaps best remembered as a member of the Metropolitan Opera company, where he sang 519 performances of Wagnerian roles between 1926 and 1950. Melchior's breakthrough at the Metropolitan Opera finally came when he performed in ''[[Tristan und Isolde]]'' on March 20, 1929. From this point on, his career flourished.

Melchior appeared at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1939, also as Otello (opposite [[Viorica Ursuleac]] as Desdemona) and Florestan, besides the Wagnerian repertory. Also at Covent Garden in 1932, he sang opposite popular soprano [[Florence Easton]] in ''[[Siegfried (opera)|Siegfried]]'', the only time they appeared together. Other important stations of his career were in the [[Buenos Aires]] ([[Teatro Colón]]) (1931–1943), [[San Francisco Opera]] (1934–1945) and [[Lyric Opera of Chicago|Chicago Opera]] (1934–1945). It was Lohengrin's Farewell that served as Melchior's "[[swan song]]" in his last stage performance, on February 2, 1950.

Some of Melchior's most notable colleagues in the opera houses of the world included the [[soprano]]s [[Frida Leider]], [[Kirsten Flagstad]], [[Lotte Lehmann]], [[Helen Traubel]], [[Marjorie Lawrence]], and [[Elisabeth Rethberg]], and conductors [[Felix Weingartner]], [[Bruno Walter]], [[Wilhelm Furtwängler]], [[Fritz Reiner]], Sir [[Thomas Beecham]], [[Arturo Toscanini]], [[Erich Leinsdorf]], [[George Szell]], and [[Otto Klemperer]].

He played [[contract bridge]], and holds the world record for the lowest score (13%) secured in a [[Duplicate bridge|duplicate bridge tournament]].<ref>{{OEB|IE|320}}</ref>

===Moving in new directions===
Between 1944 and 1952, Melchior performed in five [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] musical films for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] and [[Paramount Pictures]] and made numerous US radio and television appearances. In 1947, he put his hand and footprints in cement in the forecourt of [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]].

From 1946 to 1949, Melchior went on a world tour with his personal conductor [[Ezra Rachlin]]. Their visit to Denmark was particularly meaningful as they were the guests of [[Frederik IX of Denmark|King Frederik IX]], who was an amateur conductor with his own personal concert hall in his palace.

In 1952, Melchior performed at New York's [[Palace Theatre (New York City)|Palace Theatre]], following the popular singer-actress [[Judy Garland]], after she set a record-breaking vaudeville engagement there which lasted nineteen weeks.

Following unofficial retirement circa 1955, Melchior made sporadic singing appearances. On occasion, he sang the national anthem at Dodgers baseball games in Los Angeles, such as Game 3 of the [[1963 World Series]]. In the late 1960s, he established a fund through the [[Juilliard School]] for the training of potential heldentenors called "The Lauritz Melchior Heldentenor Foundation."

In the 1960s, he made at least one television appearance on ''The Danny Thomas Show'', where he sang with Shirley Jones in the role of her father, to assist her entry into show business.

In the summer of 1972, Melchior conducted the [[San Francisco Opera]] Orchestra at Sigmund Stern Grove in the ''Radetzky March'' by [[Johann Strauss I]] as part of the 50th anniversary celebration of the company. This was one of his last public appearances.

===Victim of robbery===
On June 18, 1957, three men (Richard McFall, Wayne Burke and Alfred J. Pope) forcibly entered Melchior's Los Angeles home and tied/bound four victims (Melchior, his wife and two servants) before fleeing with an estimated value of $100,000 in cash, jewels, furs and other personal property. The three robbers were told of the valuables by a former Melchior chauffeur, Louis J. Spivak, who was to receive a 1/3 share of the booty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/people-v-spivak-2|title=People v. Spivak, 166 Cal.App.2d 796 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator|website=Casetext.com|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-06-22|title=Melchior robbers caught|last=Harnisch|first=Larry|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2007/06/melchior_robber.html|access-date=2020-12-09|website=LA Times Blogs - The Daily Mirror|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Death===
[[File:Assistens Kirkegård - Lauritz Melchior.jpg|thumb|Melchior's tombstone]]
An American citizen since 1947, Melchior died in [[Santa Monica, California]] in 1973, two days before his 83rd birthday. He was put to rest in the [[Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)|Assistens Kirkegaard]] cemetery in Copenhagen.<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 31996). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</ref> He was survived by his son, Danish-American novelist and filmmaker [[Ib Melchior]], who wrote a biography of his father and for years fought a legal battle to reclaim the Melchior family estate Chossewitz in Germany, which was confiscated by East Germany.