Editing Laws of robotics (section)

==Isaac Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics" ==

{{main|Three Laws of Robotics}}
The best known set of laws are [[Isaac Asimov]]'s "[[Three Laws of Robotics]]". These were introduced in his 1942 short story "[[Runaround (story)|Runaround]]", although they were foreshadowed in a few earlier stories. The Three Laws are:

# A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
# A robot must obey the orders <!-- Do not add "to" here: it's not in the source. -->{{sic|given it|expected=given to it|hide=y}}<!-- Do not add "to" here: it's not in the source. --> by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
# A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.<ref>{{cite book|last=Asimov|first=Isaac|title=I, Robot|date=1950}}</ref>

In "[[The Evitable Conflict]]" the machines generalize the First Law to mean:

# No machine may harm humanity; or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

This was refined in the end of ''[[Foundation and Earth]]''. A zeroth law was introduced, with the original three suitably rewritten as subordinate to it:
{{ordered list|start=0|A robot may not injure humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.}}

Adaptations and extensions exist based upon this framework. {{As of|2024}} they remain a "[[fictional device]]".<ref name="revolution">{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Jon|title=Ready for the robot revolution?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15146053|access-date=2011-10-03|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=2011-10-03}}</ref>

=== Additional laws ===
Authors other than Asimov have often created extra laws.

The 1974 [[Lyuben Dilov]] novel, ''Icarus's Way'' (a.k.a., ''The Trip of Icarus'') introduced a Fourth Law of robotics: "A robot must establish its identity as a robot in all cases." 
Dilov gives reasons for the fourth safeguard in this way: "The last Law has put an end to the expensive aberrations of designers to give psychorobots as humanlike a form as possible. And to the resulting misunderstandings...".<ref>{{cite book
| last = Dilov
| first = Lyuben (aka Lyubin, Luben or Liuben)
| author-link = Lyuben Dilov
| title = Пътят на Икар
| year = 2002
| publisher = Захари Стоянов
| isbn = 978-954-739-338-7}}</ref> More formally, in 2024 [[Dariusz Jemielniak]] in an article in [[IEEE Spectrum]] proposed a Fourth Law of Robotics: "A robot or AI must not deceive a human by impersonating a human being."<ref>{{Cite web |title=We Need a Fourth Law of Robotics for AI - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/isaac-asimov-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=spectrum.ieee.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=A Fourth Law of Robotics {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/story/2025-01/fourth-law-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Ki kell egészíteni Asimov robotikai törvényeit az AI miatt |url=https://www.blikk.hu/ferfiaknak/tech/robotika-torvenyei/nxbvh73 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Blikk |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tecnológica |first=Site Inovação |date=2025-01-21 |title=Leis da Robótica de Asimov precisam de atualização para IA |url=https://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=leis-robotica-asimov-precisam-atualizacao-ia&id=010180250121 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Site Inovação Tecnológica |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaśkowiak |first=Piotr |date=2025-02-01 |title=Asimovowi zabrakło wyobraźni. Potrzebujemy Czwartego Prawa Robotyki |url=https://ssl.audycje.tokfm.pl/podcast/170407,Asimovowi-zabraklo-wyobrazni-Potrzebujemy-Czwartego-Prawa-Robotyki-a-na-antenie-tworzymy-Piate |work=Radio TokFM}}</ref>

A fifth law was introduced by [[Nikola Kesarovski]] in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics". This fifth law says: "A robot must know it is a robot." 
The plot revolves around a murder where the forensic investigation discovers that the victim was killed by a hug from a humaniform robot that did not establish for itself that it was a robot.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Кесаровски
| first = Никола
| author-link = Nikola Kesarovski
| title = Петият закон
| year = 1983
| publisher = Отечество
}}</ref> The story was reviewed by [[Valentin D. Ivanov]] in SFF review webzine ''The Portal''.<ref>[http://sffportal.net/2011/06/lawful-little-country-the-bulgarian-laws-of-robotics/#more-2376 Lawful Little Country: The Bulgarian Laws of Robotics | The Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

For the 1986 tribute anthology, ''[[Foundation's Friends]],'' [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] wrote a story entitled, "The Fourth Law of Robotics". This Fourth Law states: "A robot must reproduce. As long as such reproduction does not interfere with the First or Second or Third Law."

In 2013 [[Hutan Ashrafian]] proposed an additional law that considered the role of artificial intelligence-on-artificial intelligence or the relationship between robots themselves – the so-called AIonAI law.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Ashrafian |first= Hutan| year= 2014|title= AIonAI: A Humanitarian Law of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics |journal= Science and Engineering Ethics |volume= 21 |issue= 1 |pages= 29–40 | doi= 10.1007/s11948-013-9513-9 |pmid= 24414678 |s2cid= 2821971}}</ref> This sixth law states: "All robots endowed with comparable human reason and conscience should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."