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Liberal Wars
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==Roots of the conflict== [[File:Liberal Wars.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A contemporaneous cartoon, showing the conflict between the ''Two Brothers'', as children, supported and instigated, respectively, by the French King [[Louis Philippe I]], representing the liberal side, and Czar [[Nicholas I of Russia]], representing the anti-liberalist [[Holy Alliance]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Civil war - With fire and Sword |url=https://erario.tcontas.pt/pt/apresenta/expo_vr/modulo02-2.html |publisher=[[Court of Auditors (Portugal)|Portuguese Court of Audits]] |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref>]] The death of King [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]] in 1826 created a dispute over royal succession. While Dom [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro]], the [[Emperor of Brazil]], was the king's oldest son, his younger brother [[Miguel of Portugal|Miguel]] contended that Pedro had forfeited his claim to the throne by declaring [[Independence of Brazil|Brazilian independence]] and by declaring war on the Kingdom of Portugal, therefore violating the succession rules mentioned in the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom. Pedro briefly entitled himself King Pedro IV of Portugal. Neither the Portuguese nor the Brazilians wanted a unified monarchy; consequently, in 1826 Pedro revised the [[Portuguese Constitution of 1822|first constitution of Portugal]] granted in 1822 and abdicated the throne in favor of his daughter, [[Maria II of Portugal|Maria]], a child of 7, while establishing his sister [[Isabella Maria of Portugal|Isabel Maria]] as regent.
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