Editing Liberal elite (section)

==Usage==
===Canada===
{{See also|Laurentian Elite}}
Canadian news outlet CBC reported on an event for supporters of [[Doug Ford]] (the [[premier of Ontario]]). A supporter described elites as "Those that think they're better than me".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.cbc.ca/news/elites-canadians-politics-word-negative-1.5182816 |title= Canadians say country split between ordinary folks and elites. But what is an elite? |newspaper= [[CBC.ca|CBC]] |access-date= 4 October 2019}}</ref> Doug Ford also described elites as "people who look down on the average, common folk, thinking they're smarter and that they know better to tell us how to live our lives".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/the-brother-of-infamous-toronto-mayor-rob-ford-is-running-for-office--and-he-sounds-a-lot-like-trump/2018/04/28/acff99ba-382d-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html |title= The brother of infamous Toronto mayor Rob Ford is running for office — and he sounds a lot like Trump |newspaper= [[Washington Post]] |access-date= 4 October 2019}}</ref> Alex Marland of the Memorial University of [[Newfoundland]] commented on [[Justin Trudeau|Justin Trudeau's]] popularity with "liberal elites in metropolitan cities" in an article published on [[ResearchGate]] entitled "The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324782802 |title= The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context |newspaper= [[ResearchGate]] |access-date= 4 October 2019}}</ref>

=== China ===
The term ''[[baizuo]]'' ([[Simplified Chinese characters|Chinese]]: 白左) is used to refer to [[Social liberalism|left-liberal]] ideas commonly associated with White people in the [[Western world]]. This term depicts them as unrealistic, out of touch, and loving [[virtue signalling]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=这个词，让中国向西方逆向输出了一次价值观(组_加拿大家园网|url=http://www.iask.ca/news/world/2017/05/435217.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=www.iask.ca|archive-date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625181706/http://www.iask.ca/news/world/2017/05/435217.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has also been widely used in Taiwan; this term specifically refers to white people in the West who often have higher education levels, liberal views, unrealistic expectations of the real world, and obsession with standing up for minorities even though these minorities are not offended.<ref>{{cite web|title=「白左」的美麗與哀愁｜葉家興／吐露台客｜獨立評論|url=https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/61/article/10630|access-date=2021-11-28|website=獨立評論@天下|language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>

==== Hong Kong ====
{{See also|Socialism in Hong Kong}}
The term called ''{{ill|zo gaau|lt=|zh|左膠}}'' ([[Traditional Chinese characters|Chinese]]: 左膠; [[Jyutping]]: ''zo2 gaau1'') is widely used for similar effect in Hong Kong, which literally means "left dumbass" or "[[:wikt:leftard|leftard]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=SUN奇古怪：Sun潮語【和理非非】|url=http://the-sun.on.cc/cnt/news/20130302/00410_010.html|access-date=2021-11-28|website=太陽報|language=zh-hk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=香港01記者|date=2016-09-06|title=BBC教你「港豬」、「熱狗」、「左膠」英文點講|url=https://www.hk01.com/熱爆話題/41273/bbc教你-港豬-熱狗-左膠-英文點講|access-date=2021-11-28|website=香港01|language=zh-HK}}</ref> This term began appearing in Hong Kong political discourse in the 2010s, first in traditional media outlets and quickly spreading to online communication. This term refers to those who advocate peace, equality and non-violence in an unrealistic way only to satisfy their moral superiority. Their ideas are too lofty and sometimes ignore the imperfections of the real world in pursuit of their unrealistic dream.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-24|title=翌 晨 {{!}} 蘋果日報 {{!}} 果籽 {{!}} 名采 {{!}} 20131109|url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/3530511/art/20131109/18499619|access-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624123126/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/3530511/art/20131109/18499619 |archive-date=24 June 2015 }}</ref>

===India===
{{see also|Pseudosecularism}}
In India, the term 'liberal elite' is used to describe the [[English language|English]] speaking, [[Left-wing|left]]-leaning [[The Establishment|establishment]], aligned to [[Nehruvian socialism]] and [[Marxism]], who have formed much of the mainstream intelligentsia and the ruling political class of India since its independence in 1947. The [[Indian National Congress]], often referred to as the 'Grand Old Party' of India, is a left-liberal party, which has dominated Indian politics for much of the country's independent history.<ref>{{cite web|author=Shekhar Gupta|author-link=Shekhar Gupta|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shekhar-gupta-indian-liberalism-bjp-modi-government-left-liberal/1/405237.html|title=Saving Indian liberalism from its left-liberal elite|work=[[India Today]]|date=5 December 2014 |access-date=30 January 2017}}</ref>

===Malaysia===
In Malaysia, the term ''Bangsar Bubble'' is used to describe affluent [[Malay race|Malay]] youth, usually highly educated and high-income groups (mostly T20 with M40 factions), notably in the [[Bangsar]] area of the [[Klang Valley]]. The term was initially used by leftists to criticize liberals who lack class analysis, but soon that term was appropriated to also refer to Malays who have embraced the Western left's progressive thinking. The group is usually associated with advocating some Western progressive issues such as LGBT rights (a taboo topic [[LGBT rights in Malaysia|in the country]]), human rights, secularism, and racial issues. In terms of social media, they often use Twitter instead of Facebook, the latter of which is dominated by conservatives. The group usually endorses the [[Pakatan Harapan]] coalition or the [[Malaysian United Democratic Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://liveatpc.com/bangsar-bubble-is-trending-on-twitter-liberals-are-getting-triggered-heres-why/ |title=Bangsar Bubble Is Trending On Twitter & Liberals Are Getting Triggered. Here's Why |last=Kanagaraj |first=Poovenraj |date=23 June 2020 |website=liveatpc.com |publisher= |access-date=5 February 2022 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mengenal Siapa itu 'Bangsar Bubble'?|url=https://www.thepatriots.asia/mengenal-siapa-itu-bangsar-bubble/|website=The Patriots|date=3 April 2020 }}</ref>

===South Korea===
{{see also|386 Generation|Gangnam (Seoul)}}

"Gangnam Leftist" ({{korean|hangul=강남 좌파|hanja=江南左派}}) refers to the highly educated and high-income class with left-liberal tendencies in [[South Korea]]n politics and society. They are mainly composed of upper-class members of the [[386 Generation]]. In South Korea, the term is used with the same meaning as "[[limousine liberal]]" ({{korean|hangul=리무진 리버럴}}).<ref name="바이든">{{cite news|url=https://www.sedaily.com/NewsVIew/22U60EFYF6 |title=바이든은 '강남 좌파?'···수백억대 저택서 연휴|quote=바이든 대통령은 자신이 상원 초선 의원이던 1975년부터 낸터킷에서 추수감사절을 보냈다. 하지만 대통령이 된 이후에는 처신이 달라져야 하는 것 아니냐는 지적이 나온 것이다. 공화당 전국위원회(RNC)는 “미국인이 인플레이션으로 굶주리는 와중에 바이든 대통령이 낸터킷에서 파티하며 흥청망청하고 있다”며 바이든 대통령은 '''리무진 리버럴'''이라고 했다. |work=서울경제 |date=26 November 2021 |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/5155885 |title= 진보의 분화 … 리무진 리버럴 '강남 좌파' 뜬다 |work=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] |date=8 March 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref> They are sometimes referred to as "Gangnam liberals", after the wealthy [[Gangnam (Seoul)|Gangnam region]] of [[Seoul]], and are differentiated from South Korea's traditional [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Social democracy|social democratic]] factions centered on the [[Labour movement|labor movement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-politics-dirtspoon-idUSKBN1Y02MK |title=Wider Image: No money, no hope: South Korea's 'Dirt Spoons' turn against Moon |quote=Cho acknowledged he was a gold spoon and a “Gangnam liberal” motivated by social justice, but the approach backfired and he stepped down in October after only a month in the post. His wife is facing trial on allegations of forgery and financial fraud.|work=[[Reuters]] |date=26 November 2011 |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2019/08/23/columns/The-Gangnam-liberal/3067128.html |title=The Gangnam liberal |quote=The disgrace of Cho Kuk, nominee for justice minister, is beyond a personal tragedy. He has brought down the left of Gangnam – a district in southern Seoul and home to the haves in Korea. The ultra-liberal from an elite background is teetering towards his doom. He has set himself apart from the traditional concept of a leftist in Korea.|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]] |date=23 August 2021 |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>

''Gangnam leftist'' is a political term in South Korea, but it is also often used to refer to liberal politicians in countries other than South Korea. For example, [[Emmanuel Macron]] and [[Joe Biden]] have been referred to as Gangnam leftists in South Korean media.<ref name="바이든"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khan.co.kr/world/europe-russia/article/201705012115005 |title= 꽃길만 걸은 '프랑스판 강남좌파'…출마 위해 중도로 변신 |work=[[Kyunghyang Shinmun]] |date=1 May 2017 |access-date=28 December 2021}}</ref>

===Philippines===
The [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] term ''[[:wikt:dilawan|dilawan]]'', which means 'yellow ones' in reference to the color of [[liberalism]] as an ideology and movement (cf., ''pulahan'' for '[[National Democratic Mass Organization|Reds]]'),<ref name=adams&al2006>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86|title=Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design|last1=Adams|first1=Sean|last2=Morioka|first2=Noreen|last3=Stone|first3=Terry Lee|date=2006|publisher=Rockport Publishers|isbn=1-59253-192-X|location=Gloucester, Mass.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86 86]|oclc=60393965}}</ref> is used to describe a "discredited brand of transactional reform politics" ''en vogue'' since the 1986 [[People Power Revolution]] (EDSA I).<ref name=angsioco2014>{{cite news|website=[[Manila Standard]]|date=2014-07-19|url=http://www.manilastandard.net/opinion/columns/power-point-by-elizabeth-angsioco/152715/politics-of-the-color-yellow.html|title=Politics of the Color Yellow|first=Elizabeth|last=Angsioco}}</ref><ref name=bello2022>{{cite web|authorlink=Walden Bello|last=Flores Bello|first=Walden|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2022/03/philippines-presidential-election-marcos-duterte-guzman-bello/|magazine=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|title=Meet the Filipino Socialists Challenging Rodrigo Duterte's Right-Wing Rule}}</ref>{{Original research inline|date=April 2022}} EDSA I, also known as the [[Color Revolution|Yellow]] Revolution, has been disdained by detractors as a "[[Bourgeois revolution|revolution of mere elites]] rather than a [[Proletarian revolution|revolution of the whole people]]",<ref name=magsalin2020>{{cite web|last=Magsalin|first=Simoun|date=2020-03-31|title=Towards an Anarchism in the Philippine Archipelago|website=Southeast Asian Anarchist Library|url=https://sea.theanarchistlibrary.org/library/simoun-magsalin-towards-an-anarchism-in-the-philippine-archipelago-en}}</ref> and one which "ignor[ed] the existence of the [[Anti-union violence|toiling]] masses and peasants in agrarian Philippines".<ref name=doronila2006>{{cite news| first=Amando| last=Doronila| title=Time for paradigm shift| date=August 28, 2006| pages=A1| publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}</ref> The term's usage originated in the 1980s as a pejorative for [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] loyalists and [[Left liberalism|politically aligned]] groups or individuals,<ref name=contreras2020>{{cite news|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/2020/02/01/opinion/columnists/topanalysis/labels-and-political-tagging/678791/|last=P. Contreras|first=Antonio|title=Labels and Political Tagging|date=2020-02-01|newspaper=[[Manila Times]]}}</ref> often associated with the [[Gentry|genteel]] [[:wikt:Inglesero|English-speaking]] elite.<ref name=claudio2016>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/126551-defending-english-philippines/|magazine=[[Rappler]]|last=Estrada Claudio|first=Sylvia|date=2016-03-21|title=In Defense of English in the Philippines}}</ref><ref name=webb2016>{{cite web|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|url=https://www.theconversation.com/he-may-have-insulted-obama-but-duterte-held-up-a-long-hidden-looking-glass-to-the-us-65085|first=Adele|last=Webb|date=2016-09-09|title=He May Have Insulted Obama, but Duterte Held Up a Long-Hidden Looking Glass to the US}}</ref><ref name=bello2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/analysis-how-united-states-derailed-philippine-history-1986/|title=How the US Derailed Philippine History in 1986|authorlink=Walden Bello|date=2021-02-26|last=Flores Bello|first=Walden|magazine=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> It gained renewed currency during the [[Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign|2016 Philippine presidential election]] among [[Diehard Duterte Supporters|hardline supporters]] of [[Rodrigo Duterte]].{{efn|Duterte's own party, [[PDP–Laban]], had nevertheless itself been at "the forefront of many of those [EDSA I] demonstrations carrying yellow flags with the word[] ''LABAN'' and faced water cannons, [[Philippine Constabulary|police]] batons and threats of arrests".<ref name=cruz2017>{{cite web|website=[[Philippine Star]]|url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2017/08/16/1729898/story-laban|title=Story of LABAN|last=S. Cruz|date=2017-08-16|first=Elfren}}</ref> [[Sara Duterte]] has argued that, despite claims to the contrary by high-ranking members of the [[Hierarchy of the Catholic Church|Catholic Church hierarchy]]—in particular, Archbishop [[Socrates Villegas|Sócrates Villegas]]—her father had indeed appreciated the significance of the 1986 revolution right from the beginning.<ref name=nawal&alconaba2017>{{cite news|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/875179/sara-duterte-fires-back-my-father-understood-spirit-of-edsa|date=2017-02-25|title=Sara Duterte Fires Back: My Father Understood Spirit of EDSA|first1=Allan|first2=Nico|last1=Nawal|last2=Alconaba}}</ref> Duterte Carpio recounted, "On the evening of Feb[ruary] 25, 1986, I was playing in dreamland when my father interrupted my slumber and told me to get dressed because we ha[d] to go downtown [to the [[Davao Cathedral|metropolitan cathedral]]]," adding that, "While we were huddled in the car, he told us, 'Remember this night. Do not forget it.'"<ref name=nawal&alconaba2017/>}} In the country's English-language political-economic discourse, ''liberal elite'' is the term employed.<ref name=bello2016b>{{cite web|authorlink=Walden Bello|last=Flores Bello|first=Waldern|date=2016-06-29|title=The Left under Duterte|magazine=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/06/walden-bello-philippines-duterte-dignidad-coalition-akbayan/}}</ref><ref name=chua2020>{{cite web|last=Chua|first=Ethan|date=2020-08-29|title=The End of Liberal Democracy in the Philippines|magazine=Lausan Collective|url=https://lausan.hk/2020/the-end-of-liberal-democracy-in-the-philippines/}}</ref><ref name=álvarez&al2022>{{cite web|magazine=[[Jacobin]]|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2022/03/philippines-social-democrats-communists-election-marcos-duterte-robredo|date=2022-03-01|title=The Philippine Left Has an Opportunity to Break the Country's Political Mold|first1=María Khristine|last1=Álvarez|first2=Joshua|last2=Macalintal|first3=Herbert|last3=Docena}}</ref>

More than a decade prior to Duterte's election, in January 2001, the [[EDSA II]] protests, which have been denounced by critics as unrepresentative and elitist,<ref name=doronila2006/><ref name=mydans2001>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/world/people-power-ii-doesn-t-give-filipinos-the-same-glow.html|title = 'People Power II' Doesn't Give Filipinos the Same Glow|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 5 February 2001|last1 = Mydans|first1 = Seth}}</ref><ref name=gma2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/84514/7-years-after-ouster-erap-bares-5-conspirators/story/|date=2008-03-12|title=7 Years after Ouster, Erap Bares 5 Conspirators}}</ref> culminated in the resignation under pressure of then-[[President of the Philippines|president]] [[Joseph Estrada]] and the installation of [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] as his successor. Arroyo, educated abroad and [[Languages spoken by presidents of the Philippines|fluent]] in multiple colonial languages, was highly regarded in liberal elite circles in contrast to Estrada,<ref name=laviña2013>{{cite web|author-link=Antonio La Viña|website=[[Rappler]]|last=Maestrado La Viña|first=Antonio Gabriel|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/rejecting-elitism-philippine-elections|date=2013-05-18|title=Rejecting Elitism in Philippine Elections}}</ref> a university dropout whose proficiency in English was wanting.<ref name=robles2000>{{cite web|last=C. Robles|first=Alan|url=https://www.hotmanila.ph/content/esp/joke-presidency|website=Hot Manila|date=2000-11-22|title=A Joke of a Presidency}}</ref><ref name=àger2015>{{cite news|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/743858/rodrigo-duterte-is-like-joseph-estrada-donald-trump-lawmakers|title=Rodrigo Duterte Is like Joseph Estrada, Donald Trump —Lawmakers|date=2015-12-01|last=Àger|first=Maila}}</ref> Populist protests against Arroyo would erupt three months later in what came to be known as [[EDSA III]].<ref name=manilastandard2016>{{cite news|url=https://www.manilastandard.net/news/-main-stories/top-stories/219537/duterte-is-right-estrada-insists.html|title=Duterte Is Right, Estrada Insists|date=2016-10-23|website=[[Manila Standard]]}}</ref>

Duterte, while fluent in English, has similarly run afoul of the liberal elite,<ref name=dailytribune2022>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2022/03/02/something-for-bleeding-hearts/|title=Something for Bleeding Hearts|date=2022-03-02|newspaper=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]]}}</ref> which repeatedly draws attention not only to his questionable antics—deplored by no less than his daughter [[Sara Duterte|Sara]]—but also to his frequent use of [[Tone policing|gutter language]].<ref name=nawal&alconaba2017/><ref name=chua2020/><ref name=campbell2016>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/4300382/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-daughter-rape-sara-inday-president-jacqueline-hamill/ |title=Time magazine: Philippines: Duterte Mocks Daughter for Saying She Was Raped |date=20 April 2016 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420125837/http://time.com/4300382/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-daughter-rape-sara-inday-president-jacqueline-hamill/ |archive-date=20 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> This aversion, in turn, to gutter language has been criticized as indicative of a socioeconomically privileged upbringing that renders one out of touch with general society.<ref name=dailytribune2022/><ref name=pedrosa2015>{{cite web|last=Navarro Pedrosa|author-link=Carmen Pedrosa|first=Carmen|url=https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/12/04/1529214/dutertes-charisma|website=[[Philippine Star]]|date=2015-12-04|title=Duterte's Charisma}}</ref><ref name=escalona2018>{{cite web|last=Escalona|first=Kim Ashley|url=https://www.newmandala.org/dutertes-war-tongues/|title=Duterte's War on Tongues|date=2018-07-19|website=New Mandala}}</ref> Such attitudes have been described as a desire on the part of the liberal elite to "demonize" detractors by portraying them as somehow morally or intellectually deficient,<ref name=virtuehoarders>{{cite book|authorlink=Catherine Liu|date=2021|first=Catherine|last=Liu|title=Virtue Hoarders: The Case against the Professional Managerial Class|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]}}</ref><ref name=contreras2021c>{{cite web|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/12/23/opinion/columns/robredos-undoing/1826945|newspaper=[[Manila Times]]|title=Robredo's Undoing|date=2021-12-23|last=P. Contreras|first=Antonio}}</ref> as well as incapable of critical thought.<ref name=ladrido2019>{{cite web|url=https://verafiles.org/articles/color-yellow-philippine-art|website=[[Vera Files]]|date=2019-10-16|title=The Color Yellow in Philippine Art|last=Ladrido|first=R. C.}}</ref> <!--and from which the former are also "uniquely able" to [[Savior complex|save]] them.<ref name=virtuehoarders/><ref name=tuazon2015>{{cite web|last=Tuazon|first=Glenn|url=http://www.themanilareview.com/issues/view/the-eraserheads-for-and-against-the-masses|website=Manila Review|date=2015|issn=2423-2971|title=The Eraserheads for and against the Masses}}</ref>-->

Estrada has since come out as a supporter of Duterte,<ref name=gonzales2016>{{cite news|url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/146603/erap-backs-duterte-ph-can-stand-on-its-own-feet|title=Erap Backs Duterte: PH Can Stand on Its Own Feet|first=Yuji Vincent|last=Gonzales|date=2016-10-12}}</ref> expressing concern that the latter, [[Trial of Joseph Estrada|like himself]],<ref name=manilastandard2016/><ref name=docena2017>{{cite web|website=[[Rappler]]|url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/why-duterte-has-to-be-ousted|title=Why Duterte Has to Be Ousted, and Why Even That Won't Be Enough to Defend Ourselves|last=Docena|first=Herbert|date=2017-08-26}}</ref><ref name=bello2020>{{cite web|url=https://www.fpif.org/the-end-of-duterte-four-ways-the-philippine-strongman-could-fall/|date=2020-08-26|first=Walden|last=Flores Bello|title=The End of Duterte: Four Ways the Philippine Strongman Could Fall|website=Foreign Policy in Focus|author-link=Walden Bello}}</ref> might be driven out of office by whom he had referred to years earlier as the "rich and perfumed".<ref name=cruz2012>{{cite news|title=Estrada Talks about His Impeachment Trial|first=Neal|last=H. Cruz|date=2012-01-31|url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/22191/estrada-talks-about-his-impeachment-trial}}</ref> Others have echoed Estrada's depiction of those who had deposed him,<ref name=chua2021>{{cite web|url=https://manilastandard.net/opinion/columns/long-story-short-by-adelle-chua/370306/the-audacity-of-leody.html|last=Chua|first=Adelle|date=2021-11-19|title=The Audacity of Leody|newspaper=[[Manila Standard]]}}</ref> notwithstanding Estrada's [[Political dynasties in the Philippines|own membership]] in albeit [[Ejercito family|another section]] of the broader Philippine [[Oligarchy|elite]],<ref name=robles2018>{{cite web|last=C. Robles|first=Alan|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2169337/feuding-dynasties-bloody-massacres-game-thrones-season-8-or|date=2018-10-21|newspaper=[[South China Morning Post]]|title=Feuding Dynasties, Bloody Massacres: Game of Thrones Season 8…or Philippine Politics?}}</ref> or have similarly denounced what has been described as the [[Virtue signalling|moralism]] and [[Respectability politics|sham decency]] of the liberal elite.<ref name=ranada2021>{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/isko-moreno-new-enemy-of-disente-politics|first=Pía|last=Ranada|date=2021-10-15|title=Isko Moreno: The New Enemy of 'Desente', 'Moralista' Politics|website=Rappler}}</ref> Ultimately, Duterte's rise to power has come to be seen as the "people's verdict" on both the failures of the [[Liberal international order|liberal order]] and what has been felt as the glibness of its domestic champions.<ref name=oliveros2015>{{cite web|last=Oliveros|first=Benjie|url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2015/08/29/eh-buhay-ka-pa-di-ba-and-other-inane-contemptuous-statements-acts/|date=2015-08-29|website=Bulatlat|title='Well, You Are Still Alive, Aren't You?' and Other Inane, Contemptuous Statements, Acts}}</ref><ref name=bello2016a>{{cite web|url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/walden-bello-how-neoliberalism-killed-philippines-edsa-republic|first=Walden|last=Flores Bello|author-link=Walden Bello|title=How Neoliberalism Killed the Philippines' EDSA Republic|date=2016-06-24}}</ref><ref name=clapano2022>{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/03/06/2165185/eleazar-vows-boost-bicol-tourism|first=José Rodel|last=Clapano|newspaper=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=2022-03-06|title=Eleazar Vows to Boost Bícol Tourism}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
Reference to the concept of a liberal elite has become commonplace in [[Politics of the United Kingdom|British]] political discourse, being represented as closely linked to influential high-status occupations such as academia, law, showbusiness, journalism, the civil service and politics.<ref>Guardian newspaper 2018 https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/nov/29/why-we-stopped-trusting-elites-the-new-populism</ref><ref>Liberal Democrat Voice https://www.libdemvoice.org/the-rightwing-myth-of-britains-liberal-elite-71197.html</ref> Such liberals are [[Social liberalism|socially, culturally]] and generally fairly [[Classical liberalism|economically]] liberal.<ref>Remaking One nation, Chapter One, Nick Timothy, {{ISBN|978-1-5095-3917-8}}</ref> The term [[Champagne socialist]] is a pejorative comparable term.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Matthew|last1=Moore|first2=Sarah|last2=Graham|title=Champagne socialists 'not as left-wing as they think they are' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7887888/Champagne-socialists-not-as-left-wing-as-they-think-they-are.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|location=London, England|date=14 July 2010 |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref>

According to the stereotype, [[North London]], especially the prosperous districts of [[Islington]] and [[Hampstead]], is the metropolitan home of the liberal elite. The phrase "North London metropolitan liberal elite" was used by the then Home Secretary [[Priti Patel]]. Some North London districts have a relatively high Jewish population, and this has led to references to North London elites being criticised by some, such as the [[Jewish Labour Movement]], as a form of [[Dog whistle (politics)|coded dog whistle]] [[antisemitism]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Frot|first1=Mathilde|date=2 October 2019|title=JLM lambasts Priti Patel for 'North London metropolitan liberal elite' comment|work=Jewish News|publisher=Times of Israel|url=https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/jlm-lambasts-priti-patel-for-north-london-metropolitan-liberal-elite-comment/|access-date=3 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hardman|first1=Isabel|date=1 October 2019|title=Priti Patel turns her back on Theresa May's legacy at the Home Office|department=Coffee House|work=The Spectator|url=https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2019/10/priti-patel-turns-her-back-on-theresa-mays-legacy-at-the-home-office/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002062246/https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2019/10/priti-patel-turns-her-back-on-theresa-mays-legacy-at-the-home-office/|archive-date=2 October 2019|access-date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

''Hampstead Socialist'' and ''Hampstead liberal'' have been used, referring to the North London area of Hampstead, an area with a [[Hampstead#Hampstead liberalism|long liberal tradition]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=White |first=Michael |date=2012-02-24 |title=Politicians use accusations of snobbery as a get-out-of-jail-free card |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/feb/24/politicians-accusations-snobbery-jail-card |access-date=2024-06-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Helen|last=Pidd|title=Nick Griffin concedes European parliament seat as BNP votes fall away &#124; Politics|date=25 May 2014|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/25/nick-griffin-concedes-mep-seat-european-elections|access-date=22 May 2015|publisher=Theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=British National Party|url=http://www.bnp.org.uk/news/deadline-2014-convergence-catastrophes-and-what-bnp-needs-do-nick-griffin|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922013120/http://www.bnp.org.uk/news/deadline-2014-convergence-catastrophes-and-what-bnp-needs-do-nick-griffin|archive-date=22 September 2015|access-date=22 May 2015|publisher=Bnp.org.uk|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Waterfield|first=Bruno|title=BNP's Nick Griffin defends jailed leader of neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/10565181/BNPs-Nick-Griffin-defends-jailed-leader-of-neo-Nazi-party-Golden-Dawn.html|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

The term ''Islington set'' came to prominence due to the close connection that senior [[New Labour]] figures had with Islington and the surrounding areas.<ref>Labour List article rferring to the Islington set https://labourlist.org/2018/03/labour-can-win-the-next-election-if-it-reconnects-with-rural-voters/</ref> [[Emily Thornberry]], [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] MP for [[Islington South and Finsbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington South and Finsbury]], resigned as a member of the [[Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)|Shadow Cabinet]] on 20 November 2014 during the [[2014 Rochester and Strood by-election|Rochester and Strood by-election]], in which she tweeted a picture of a house draped with [[Flag of England|England flags]] and the tradesman's [[white van man|white van]] of the occupier, parked outside with the caption 'Image from Rochester', thought by many to be a snobby jibe. [[Simon Danczuk]], the then-Labour MP for [[Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Rochdale]], commented that Thornberry's tweet furthers the perception that the Labour Party "has been hijacked by the north London liberal elite".<ref>{{cite news|date=13 March 2014|title=The metropolitan elite: Britain's new pariah class|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/20/metropolitan-elite-britains-new-pariah-class|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 November 2014|title=Emily Thornberry: How one tweet led to her resignation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30142579|access-date=22 May 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Michael Rundell|title=Political incorrectness gone mad: the myth of the metropolitan elite|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2015/apr/14/political-incorrectness-gone-mad-the-myth-of-the-metropolitan-elite|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>

===United States===
{{see also|Progressivism in the United States|Social liberalism in the United States}}
In the United States, the sterotypical lifestyle of the liberal elite is often referenced in popular culture. Columnist [[Dave Barry]] drew attention to these stereotypes when he commented, "Do we truly believe that ALL [[Red states and blue states|red-state]] residents are ignorant racist fascist knuckle-dragging [[NASCAR]]-obsessed [[Cousin marriage|cousin-marrying]] [[Roadkill cuisine|roadkill-eating]] tobacco-juice-dribbling gun-fondling religious fanatic [[redneck]]s; or that ALL blue-state residents are godless unpatriotic pierced-nose [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]]-driving France-loving left-wing communist [[latte liberal|latte-sucking]] [[tofu]]-chomping holistic-wacko neurotic vegan weenie perverts?"<ref name="An Off-Color Rift">{{cite news|last1= Barry |first1= Dave |title= An Off-Color Rift |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A218-2004Dec14.html |access-date= 8 July 2015 |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= 19 December 2004}}</ref>

A [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] political advertisement from the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] organization [[Club for Growth]] attacked the Democratic presidential candidate [[Howard Dean]] by portraying him as part of the liberal elite: "Howard Dean should take his tax-hiking, government-expanding, latte-drinking, sushi-eating, Volvo-driving, ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]''–reading, body-piercing, Hollywood-loving, left-wing freak show back to Vermont, where it belongs."<ref>{{cite news|url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E5DA1730F932A25752C0A9629C8B63 |work= The New York Times |title= THE 2004 CAMPAIGN; Political Points |first= John |last= Tierney |date= 11 January 2004 |access-date= 7 May 2010}}</ref>

Those Americans who equate intellectual pursuits and careers with elitism often point out American intellectuals, most of whom are [[American middle class#Professional/managerial middle class|upper-middle-class]] not [[American upper class|upper-class]],<ref name="Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, Pearson.">Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, Pearson.</ref> are primarily liberal. {{as of|2005}}, approximately 72% of [[Professor#United States|professors]] identify themselves as liberals. At [[Ivy League]] universities, an even larger majority, 87% of professors identified themselves as liberals.<ref name="Kurtz, H. (29 March 2005). College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds. ''The Washington Post''.">{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html |title= Kurtz, H. (29 March 2005). College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds. ''The Washington Post''. |access-date= 2 July 2007 |date= 29 March 2005}}</ref> People with [[postgraduate degree]]s are increasingly Democratic.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/national-exit-polls.html |title= Election Results 2008 |work= The New York Times |access-date= 7 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="CNN. (1996). Exit Poll.">{{cite news|url= http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/elections/natl.exit.poll/index1.html |title= CNN. (1996). Exit Poll. |access-date= 11 July 2007}}</ref><ref name="CNN. (2004). Exit Poll.">{{cite news|url= http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/US/P/00/epolls.0.html |title= CNN. (2004). Exit Poll. |access-date= 11 July 2007}}</ref><ref name="CNN. (2008). Exit Poll.">{{cite news|url= http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/#USP00p1 |title= CNN. (2008). Exit Poll. |access-date= 12 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title=In Changing U.S. Electorate, Race and Education Remain Stark Dividing Lines |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2020/06/02/in-changing-u-s-electorate-race-and-education-remain-stark-dividing-lines/ |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref>