Editing Lilium (section)

==Description==
[[File:Lillium Stamens.jpg|upright=1.15|thumb|''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'' flower – 1. [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]], 2. [[style (botany)|style]], 3. [[anther]]s, 4. filament, 5. [[tepal]]]]
Lilies are tall [[perennial plant|perennials]] ranging in height from {{convert|1|-|6|ft|cm|abbr=on|-1}}. They form naked or tunicless scaly underground [[bulb]]s which are their organs of [[perennation]]. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into [[rhizome]]s, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop [[stolon]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Batygina |first=T. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33yUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT217 |title=Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, Vol. 3: Reproductive Systems |date=2019-04-23 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-52671-8 |language=en}}</ref> Most bulbs are buried deep in the ground, but a few species form bulbs near the soil surface. Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out [[adventitious]] roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb, a number of species also produce contractile roots that move the bulbs deeper into the soil.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gracie |first=Carol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cvADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |title=Summer Wildflowers of the Northeast: A Natural History |date=2020-04-28 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-20330-0 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Lily, petal.jpg|upright|thumb|Lily, petal]]
The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a wide range of colors including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The plants are late spring- or summer-flowering. Flowers are borne in [[raceme]]s or [[umbel]]s at the tip of the stem, with six [[tepals]] spreading or reflexed, to give flowers varying from funnel shape to a "Turk's cap". The tepals are free from each other, and bear a [[nectary]] at the base of each flower. The ovary is 'superior', borne above the point of attachment of the [[anthers]]. The [[fruit]] is a three-celled capsule.<ref name='European Garden Flora'>European Garden Flora; Volume 1</ref>
[[File:2012-01-04 17-57-36-lys.jpg|upright|thumb|Stamen of lilium]]
[[Seed]]s ripen in late summer. They exhibit varying and sometimes complex [[germination]] patterns, many adapted to cool temperate climates.

Most cool temperate species are [[deciduous]] and dormant in winter in their native environment. But a few species native to areas with hot summers and mild winters (''[[Lilium candidum]]'', ''[[Lilium catesbaei]]'', ''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'') lose their leaves and enter a short dormant period in summer or autumn, sprout from autumn to winter, forming dwarf stems bearing a basal rosette of leaves until, after they have received sufficient chilling, the stem begins to elongate in warming weather.
[[File:Lilium candidum MHNT.BOT.2011.18.27.jpg|upright|thumb|''Lilium candidum'' seeds]]
The basic [[chromosome number]] is twelve (n=12).<ref>{{cite journal|first1= Veli-Pekka|last1= Pelkonen|first2= Anna-Maria|last2= Pirttilä|year= 2012|title= Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Genus Lilium|journal= Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology|volume= 6 |issue=Special Issue 2|pages= 1–8|url= http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/2012/FOB_6(SI2)/FOB_6(SI2)1-8o.pdf|access-date= 2016-07-29|archive-date= 2016-10-08|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161008030720/http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/2012/FOB_6(SI2)/FOB_6(SI2)1-8o.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>