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Limfjord
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==History== ===Western opening=== From the early Middle Ages until 1825, the Limfjord was only open to the sea at its east end. In that year, the [[February flood of 1825|North Sea broke through]] from the west and created a second opening, turning the northern part of Jutland [[Vendsyssel-Thy]] into an island. An isthmus of shifting sand had separated the Limfjord from the North Sea during historic times. The present inlet, Thyborøn Channel, has existed only since 1862. A passage also existed during the [[Viking Age]]. Based on place names and the geography, it is thought to have been to the south of the present one, between [[Ferring Sø]] (locally still called 'the Fjord') and Hygum Nor. [[Canute the Great]] sailed into it in 1027 on his way back from England. According to [[Saxo Grammaticus]] it closed at some time around 1200. There are records of several floods piercing the isthmus during the 16th to early 19th century. On 3 February 1825 [[February flood of 1825|a flood]] pierced a permanent opening, the so-called [[Agger Channel]], in the north of the 13 km long and less than 1 km wide [[isthmus]], the [[Agger Tange]], which had until then linked [[Thy (district)|Thy]] with the rest of [[Jutland]]. The western part of North Jutland lost its road connection with mainland Jutland, but the towns and harbours in the western part of the Limfjord could benefit from becoming directly accessible from the North Sea, to the dismay of [[Aalborg]]. From the 1840s the western route became increasingly important, as Britain had opened for import of grain, and ships could return with British coal. However, the instability of Agger Channel made the towns of the western Limfjord look for a second option. In 1862, a flood pierced another opening, the [[Thyborøn Channel]], through the remainder of Agger Tange (see satellite image<ref>[http://www.flashearth.com/?lat=56.711717&lon=8.198779&z=11.1&r=0&src=0 Satellite image]</ref>). Agger Channel was continuously filling with sand and eventually closed in 1877. Since then, the remaining Thyborøn Channel has been kept open and navigable by dredging. The harbour of Thyborøn was built in 1914–1918 and a town was founded. The two isthmuses have shifted eastwards since the 1800s. They have only been preserved by [[groyne]]s, persistent [[sandpumping]] and two [[road dam]]s along their inward (eastern) side. ===Løgstør Banks and the Frederik VII Canal=== At Løgstør, where the wide, western part of the Limfjord meets the narrow eastern section, the infamous sand banks of Løgstør Grunde were an obstacle to ships. Larger ships needed to be unloaded and reloaded when passing the banks. The [[Frederik VII Canal]] at [[Løgstør]] was completed in 1861 to allow for easier passage. Traffic had increased after the western opening at Thyborøn became navigable. The sand banks were finally dredged out in 1901, rendering the canal obsolete. The canal is now a well-preserved heritage site. ===Plans for re-closing the western inlet=== A 1946 act provided for re-closing the Channel with dams and sluices at Thyborøn, but this was never carried out. This idea re-emerged in 2005 and is now{{when|date=January 2020}} officially being investigated. It is thought that the isthmuses would be easier to preserve, and that the water level of the Limfjord would be more controllable. In periods of persistent western winds, flooding occurs on low-lying land and harbour areas in the towns of the western Limfjord, since the water cannot escape through the narrow, eastern part of the Limfjord.<ref>Torben Larsen: [http://www.hum.aau.dk/video/2010/bygg/torbenlarsen/ Flood in the Limfjord] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120802142836/http://www.hum.aau.dk/video/2010/bygg/torbenlarsen/ |date=2012-08-02 }}, lecture and PowerPoint, [[Aalborg University]], 7 April 2010</ref> Historically, a North Sea to Limfjord [[canal]] has also been proposed between [[Hanstholm]] harbour and [[Vejlerne]] (or [[Klitmøller]] and [[Thisted]]), e.g. by [[Jørgen Fibiger]] in 1933,<ref>[http://www.thistedmuseum.dk/paludan/Txt/Ingeni%C3%B8ren%20bag%20Hanstholm%20Havn%20J%C3%B8rgen%20Fibiger.htm ''En Kanal fra Limfjorden til Jammerbugten''] (A Canal from the Limfjord to the Jammerbugt), [[Aalborg Stiftstidende]], 2 Jan. 1933 (in Danish) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109015742/http://www.thistedmuseum.dk/paludan/Txt/Ingeni%C3%B8ren%20bag%20Hanstholm%20Havn%20J%C3%B8rgen%20Fibiger.htm |date=2016-01-09 }}</ref> the engineer behind the project of Hanstholm harbour.
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