Editing Linlithgow Palace (section)

==Origins==
A royal manor existed on the site from the 12th century.<ref>"[http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/propertyresults/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_199&PropName=Linlithgow%20Palace Linlithgow Palace: Property detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018142427/http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/propertyresults/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_199&PropName=Linlithgow%20Palace |date=18 October 2012 }}". Historic Scotland.</ref> 

This was later enclosed by a timber palisade and outer fosse to create a fortification known as 'the Peel', built in 1301/2<ref>Linlithgow Palace – Official Guide 1948</ref> by occupying English forces under [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]. The site of the manor made it an ideal military base for securing the supply routes between [[Edinburgh Castle]] and [[Stirling Castle]]. The English fort was begun in March 1302 under the supervision of two priests, Richard de Wynepol and Henry de Graundeston, to the designs of [[Master James of St George]], who was also present.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8rNYAAAAMAAJ ''Notices of Original Documents illustrative of Scottish History'', Maitland Club, (1841)], 67–83, (headings only).</ref> In September 1302, sixty men and 140 women helped dig the ditches; the men were paid twopence and the women a penny daily.<ref>''Accounts of the Master of Works'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1957), p. lxvi (Latin).</ref> One hundred foot-soldiers were still employed as labourers on the castle in November and work continued during the Summer of 1303.<ref>Simpson, Grant, & Galbraith, James, ed., ''Calendar Documents Scotland in PRO and [[British Library]]'', vol. 5 supplementary, SRO (n.d), no. 305, no. 472 (h, j, u), 'j' mentions ''Robert'' de Wynpol (Wimpole) working in Summer 1303, 472 (k) mentions the [[Warwolf]] ''lupus-guerre'' siege engine at Stirling Castle.</ref>

[[Elizabeth of Rhuddlan]], a daughter of Edward I, was at Linlithgow Palace in July 1304. She was pregnant and travelled to [[Knaresborough Castle]] in England to have her child.<ref>Christopher Woolgar, ''The Great Household in Late Medieval England'' (Yale, 1999), p. 98.</ref> In September 1313, Linlithgow Peel was retaken for Scotland by an ordinary Scot named William Bynnie<ref>[https://archive.org/details/vol2genealogical00burk/page/168/mode/2up/ John B. Burke, ''A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland'', vol. 2 (H. Colburn, 1850), pp. 168]</ref> or Bunnock<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Inglis |first1=John |title=Edinburgh during the Provostship of Sir William Binning, 1675–1677 |journal=Scottish Historical Review |date=July 1915 |volume=12 |issue=48 |pages=369–387 |jstor=25518844 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25518844 |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref> who was in the habit of selling hay to the garrison of the peel.<ref>George Waldie, ''A History of the Town and Palace of Linlithgow'' (Linlithgow, 1868), p. 25.</ref> When the gate was opened for him, he halted his wagon so that it could not be closed, and he and his seven sons leapt out from their hiding place under the hay, and they captured the peel for King [[Robert the Bruce]]. King Robert sent reinforcements and had the peel dismantled so that it could not be retaken by the English.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Ronald McNair |title=Robert the Bruce, King of Scots |date=1982 |publisher=Canongate Publishing |location=Edinburgh, Scotland |page=133}}</ref>

In January 1360, King [[David II of Scotland|David II]] visited Linlithgow and the peel was repaired 'for the king's coming'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Penman |first1=Prof. Michael |title=David II |date=2004 |publisher=Tuckwell Press Ltd. |location=East Linton, Scotland |page=259}}</ref>

In 1424, the town of Linlithgow was partially destroyed in a great fire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.linlithgowpalace.com/ |title=British Castle – Linlithgow Palace History<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=26 June 2008 |archive-date=1 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901022048/http://www.linlithgowpalace.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> King [[James I of Scotland|James I]] started the rebuilding of the palace as a grand residence for Scottish royalty, also beginning the rebuilding of the [[St. Michael's Parish Church, Linlithgow|Church of St Michael]] immediately to the south of the palace: the earlier church had been used as a storeroom during Edward's occupation.<ref name=StMichaels>{{cite web |url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/linlithgow/stmichaels/index.html |title=St Michael's Church Feature Page  |publisher=Undiscovered Scotland |access-date=2009-08-06}}</ref> James I set out to build a palace rather than a heavily fortified castle, perhaps inspired by [[Sheen Palace]] which he probably visited in England. The royal apartments were decorated by Matthew the Painter in 1433.<ref>John G. Dunbar, ''Scottish Royal Palaces'' (East Linton: Tuckwell, 1999), pp. 8, 169.</ref> [[Mary of Guelders]], the widow of James II and mother of [[James III of Scotland|James III]], made improvements in 1461, for the visit of the exiled [[Henry VI of England]].<ref>Marilyn Brown, ''Scotland's Lost Gardens'' (Edinburgh, 2015), pp. 63, 71.</ref> Over the following century the palace developed into a formal courtyard structure, with significant additions by James III and [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]].