Editing Lockheed Model 10 Electra (section)

==Design and development==
[[File:Kelly-Johnson Electra.jpg|thumb|left|[[Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]] is testing an Electra model with single vertical tail and forward-sloping windshield in the [[University of Michigan]]'s wind tunnel.]]

Some of Lockheed's wooden designs, such as the [[Lockheed Model 9 Orion|Orion]], had been built by [[Detroit Aircraft Corporation]] with metal fuselages. However, the Electra was Lockheed's first all-metal and twin-engined design by [[Lloyd Stearman]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lloyd Stearman|url=http://www.nationalaviation.org/stearman-lloyd/|publisher=National Aviation Hall of Fame|access-date=22 May 2013|archive-date=6 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806060456/http://nationalaviation.org/stearman-lloyd/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Phillips|2006|p=26}}</ref> and [[Hall Hibbard]]. The name [[Electra (star)|Electra]] came from a star in the [[Pleiades]]. The prototype made its first flight on February 23, 1934, with [[Marshall Headle]] at the controls.<ref>{{harvnb|Gunston|1998|p=8}}</ref>

Wind-tunnel work on the Electra was undertaken at the [[University of Michigan]]. Much of the work was performed by a student assistant, [[Kelly_Johnson_(engineer)|Kelly Johnson]]. He suggested two changes be made to the design: changing the single tail to double tails (later a Lockheed trademark), and deleting oversized wing fillets. Both of these suggestions were incorporated into production aircraft.<ref>{{harvnb|Francillon|1987|p=117-118}}</ref> Upon receiving his master's degree, Johnson joined Lockheed as a regular employee, ultimately leading the [[Skunk Works]] in developing advanced aircraft such as the [[Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird]].

The Lockheed Electra was one of the first commercial passenger aircraft with retractable landing gear to come equipped with mudguards as standard equipment, although aircraft with fixed landing gear commonly had mudguards much earlier than this.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wt8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA523 "Mud Guards on Plane Wheels Protect Landing Gear."] ''Popular Mechanics'', April 1935, p. 523, (bottom-right).</ref>