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Long March
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== Timeline == === 1920s–1934 === * 23 July 1921: The [[Chinese Communist Party]] is formally founded. * 1928: The CCP's [[Chinese Red Army|Red Army]] is founded, concentrated in Jiangxi and Fujian. * 7 November 1931: The [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]] is founded by Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the capital of Ruijin, as the first member of the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]. * December 1931: Zhou Enlai arrives in Ruijin, replacing Mao as political commissar of the Red Army. * October 1932: At the [[Ningdu Conference]], the majority of Red Army leaders criticize Mao's tactics. Mao is demoted to a figurehead status. * 1933: [[Bo Gu]] and [[Otto Braun (communist)|Otto Braun]] arrive from the USSR, reorganize the Red Army, and take control of Party affairs. Four successive encirclement campaigns by the Nationalists are defeated. * 25 September 1933: The [[Fifth Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet|Fifth Encirclement Campaign]] begins, with Bo and Braun eventually defeated in October 1934. * 10 October 1934: The First Red Army, consisting of 130,000 soldiers and civilians led by Bo and Braun, begins the Long March, departing from Yudu in Jiangxi. * 25 December–3 November 1934: The First Army fights the Nationalists at the Battle of [[Xiang River]]. === 1935 === * 15–17 January: The leadership of Bo and Braun is denounced at the [[Zunyi Conference]]. Zhou becomes the most powerful person in the Party, with Mao becoming Zhou's assistant. * March: The Fourth Red Army under [[Zhang Guotao]] departs from its base on the [[Sichuan]]–[[Shaanxi]] border. * 29 April–9 May: The First Army crosses the [[Jinsha River]], the upper stretches of the Yangtze. * 22 May: The Red Army forms an alliance with the [[Yi people]]. * 29 May: The First Army captures [[Battle of Luding Bridge|Luding Bridge]]. * June–July: The First and Fourth Armies meet at Maogong. Mao and Zhang disagree on strategy, and the forces ultimately separate. * July: The Second Army crosses the [[Jade Dragon Snow Mountain]]s. * August: The First Army crosses the [[Zoigê Marsh]]. * 16 September: The First Army crosses the Lazikou Pass. * 19 October: The First Army arrives in Wuqizhen, a small town 145 kilometers away from Yan'an, ending their Long March. * November: Mao is named the Chairman of the Military Commission. * 19 November: The Second Red Army under He Long begins its retreat to Yan'an, marching west from Hubei.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lai |first=Benjamin |title=The Long March 1934–35 |publisher=Osprey Publishing Ltd |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4728-3400-3 |pages=81–83 |language=en}}</ref> On the same day, the Fourth Red Army is defeated by Nationalist forces at Baizhang Pass in Sichuan. === 1936 === * 9 October: The Fourth Red Army meets up with the First in [[Huining County|Huining]], Gansu. * 22 October: The Second Red Army meets up with elements of the First in Jiangtaibao, Gansu. This ends the Long March for all forces.
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