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Loose connective tissue
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==Structure== ===Composition=== [[File:Anatomy and physiology of animals loose connective tissue.jpg|thumb|Schematic representation of the composition of loose connective tissue]] It is a pliable, mesh-like [[Biological tissue|tissue]] with a fluid [[Extracellular matrix|matrix]] and functions to cushion and protect body [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]]. [[Fibroblast]]s are widely dispersed in this tissue; they are irregular branching cells that secrete strong fibrous [[protein]]s and [[proteoglycan]]s as an extracellular matrix. The cells of this type of tissue are generally connected by a gelatinous substance known as [[ground substance]] primarily made up of collagenous and elastic fibers. ===Location=== It may be found in tissue sections from almost every part of the body. It surrounds blood vessels and nerves and penetrates with them even into the small spaces of [[muscles]], tendons, and other tissues. It may likewise be present in the mediastinal extremities. Nearly every epithelium rests on a layer of areolar tissue, whose blood vessels provide the epithelium with nutrition, waste removal, and a ready supply of infection-fighting leukocytes when needed. Because of the abundance of open, fluid-filled space, leukocytes can move about freely in areolar tissue and can easily find and destroy pathogens. The areolar tissue is found beneath the [[epidermis]] layer and is also underneath the [[epithelial]] tissue of all the [[Organ (anatomy)|body systems]] that have external openings. it makes the skin elastic and helps it to withstand pulling pain. It is also a component of the [[lamina propria]] of the [[digestion|digestive]] and [[respiratory]] tracts, the [[mucous membranes]] of [[reproductive]] and [[urinary]] systems, the [[Stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]] of glands, and the [[hypodermis]] of the skin. It is also found in the [[mesentery]] which is surrounding the intestine. ===Fibers=== Loose connective tissue is named based on the "weave" and type of its constituent fibers. There are three main types: * [[Collagenous fibers]]: collagenous fibers are made of collagen and consist of bundles of fibrils that are coils of collagen molecules. * [[Elastic fibers]]: elastic fibers are made of [[elastin]] and are "stretchable." * [[Reticular fibers]]: reticular fibers consist of one or more types of very thin collagen fibers. They join connective tissues to other tissues. ===Areolar tissue=== '''Areolar tissue''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|l|ər}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛər|i|ˈ|oʊ|l|ər|,_|ˌ|ær|-}}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|access-date=2016-01-21|Areolar}}}}{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Areolar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184335/https://www.lexico.com/definition/areolar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Areolar |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}) is a common type of loose connective tissue (and the most widely distributed type of [[connective tissue]] in vertebrates). It is so-named because its fibers are far enough apart to leave ample open space for [[interstitial fluid]] in between (''[[wikt:areola#Noun|areola]]'' is Latin for a "little open space"). It is strong enough to bind different tissue types together, yet soft enough to provide flexibility and cushioning. It exhibits interlacing,<ref>{{DorlandsDict|eight/000109046|areolar tissue}}</ref> loosely organized fibers,{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} abundant blood vessels, and significant empty space filled with interstitial fluid. Many adjacent [[epithelium|epithelial]] tissues (which are avascular) get their nutrients from the interstitial fluid of areolar tissue; the [[lamina propria]] is areolar in many body locations. Its fibers run in random directions and are mostly collagenous, but elastic and reticular fibers are also present. Areolar tissue is highly variable in appearance. In many [[serous membrane]]s, it appears as a loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, scattered cells of various types; abundant [[ground substance]]; numerous blood vessels. In the skin and mucous membranes, it is more compact and sometimes difficult to distinguish from [[dense irregular connective tissue]].
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