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Low surface brightness galaxy
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==Giant low-surface-brightness galaxies== Giant low surface brightness (GLSB) galaxies are among the most massive known [[spiral galaxies]] in the Universe.<ref name="Das">{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=M. |date=March 2013 |title=Giant Low Surface Brightness Galaxies: Evolution in Isolation |journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy |language=en |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=19β31 |arxiv=1310.6495 |bibcode=2013JApA...34...19D |doi=10.1007/s12036-013-9166-8 |issn=0250-6335 |s2cid=118546432}}</ref> They have very faint [[stellar disk]]s that are very rich in [[neutral hydrogen]] but low in [[star formation]] and thus low in surface brightness.<ref name="Das" /> Such galaxies often have bright bulges that can host low luminosity [[active galactic nuclei]].<ref name="Das" /> GLSB galaxies are usually isolated systems that rarely interact with other galaxies.<ref name="Das" /> The first LSB galaxy verified to exist was [[Malin 1]], discovered in 1986. As such, it was also the first giant LSB galaxy identified. At the time of its discovery, it was the largest spiral galaxy known (by scale-length measurement).<ref name="SciAm-1997-02">{{Cite journal |last=Bothun |first=G. D. |date=February 1997 |title=The ghostliest galaxies. |journal=Scientific American |volume=276 |issue=2 |pages=40β45 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0297-56 |bibcode=1997SciAm.276b..40B |issn=0036-8733}}</ref><ref name="Crosswell-2007-01-22">{{Cite web |last=Crosswell |first=Ken |date=January 22, 2007 |title=Malin 1: A Bizarre Galaxy Gets Slightly Less So by Ken Croswell |url=http://kencroswell.com/Malin1.html |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=KenCroswell.com}}</ref> [[UGC 1382]] was previously thought to be an elliptical galaxy, but low-brightness spiral arms were later detected. UGC 1382 is much closer to Earth than Malin 1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2016 |title=Surprise: Small elliptical galaxy actually a giant disk |url=http://phys.org/news/2016-07-small-elliptical-galaxy-giant-disk.html |access-date=12 July 2016 |website=Phys.org |agency=[[Carnegie Institution for Science]]}}</ref>
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