Editing Luce Irigaray (section)

==Education==
Luce Irigaray received a bachelor's degree from the [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|University of Louvain]] in 1954, a master's degree from the same university in 1956,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages |volume=1 |last1=Commire|first1=Anne|last2=Klezmer|first2=Deborah|publisher=Yorkin Publications|year=2007}}</ref> and taught at a high school in Brussels from 1956 to 1959.

In 1960, she moved to [[Paris]] to pursue a master's degree in Psychology from the [[University of Paris]], which she earned in 1961. She also received a [[specialist diploma]] in Psychopathology from the school in 1962. In 1968, she received a doctorate in Linguistics from [[Paris X Nanterre]]. Her thesis was titled {{lang|fr|Approche psycholinguistique du langage des déments}}.

She completed a PhD in linguistics in 1968 from the [[University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis]] (University of Paris VIII). Her dissertation on speech patterns of subjects suffering from dementia became her first book, {{lang|fr|Le langage des déments}}, published in 1973. In 1974, she earned a second PhD in Philosophy.

In the 1960s, Irigaray started attending the psychoanalytic seminars of Jacques Lacan and joined the [[École Freudienne de Paris]] (Freudian School of Paris), directed by Lacan. She was expelled from this school in 1974, after the publication of her second doctoral thesis ([[doctorat d'État]]), ''Speculum of the Other Woman'' ({{lang|fr|Speculum: La fonction de la femme dans le discours philosophique}}, later retitled as {{lang|fr|Speculum: De l'autre femme}}), which received much criticism from both the Lacanian and Freudian schools of psychoanalysis. This criticism brought her recognition, but she was removed from her position as an instructor at the University of Vincennes as well as ostracized from the Lacanian community.

She held a research post at the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique]] since 1964, where she is now a Director of Research in Philosophy. Her initial research focused on dementia patients, about whom she produced a study of the differences between the language of male and female patients.

It has also been noted that in her writings, Irigaray has stated a concern that an interest in her biography would affect the interpretation of her ideas, as the entrance of women into intellectual discussions has often also included the challenging of women's point of view based on biographical material. Her most extensive autobiographical statements thus far are gathered in ''Through Vegetal Being'' (co-authored with [[Michael Marder]]). Overall, she maintains the belief that biographical details pertaining to her personal life hold the possibility to be used against her within the male dominated educational establishment as a tool to discredit her work.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luce-Irigaray|title=Luce Irigaray: French linguist, psychoanalyst, and philosopher|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref> However, at age 91, she published ''A New Culture of Energy: Beyond East and West'' (2021) in which she discusses her decades-long practices of yoga asanas (postures) and pranayama (breathing) and maintains that yoga builds a bridge between body and spirit.