Editing Lugdunum (section)

==Name==
The Roman city was founded as ''Colonia Copia Felix Munatia'', a name invoking prosperity and the blessing of the gods. The city became increasingly referred to as ''Lugdunum'' (and occasionally ''Lugudunum''<ref name=":0">Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'', 46.50.4.</ref>) by the end of the 1st century AD. During the [[Middle Ages]], ''Lugdunum'' was transformed to ''Lyon'' by natural sound change.

''Lugdunum'' is a Latinization of the [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] ''*Lugudunon'', meaning "Fortress (or hill) of (the god) ''Lugus''" or, alternately, "Fortress of the champion" (if ''*lugus'' is a common noun cognate with [[Old Irish]] {{Lang|sga|lug}} "warrior, hero, fighter").

The Celtic god [[Lugus]] was apparently popular in [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain|Britain]] as is found in [[medieval Irish literature]] as ''[[Lugh|Lug(h)]]'' and in [[medieval Welsh literature]] as [[Lleu Llaw Gyffes|Lleu]] (also spelled Llew).

According to [[Pseudo-Plutarch]], Lugdunum takes its name from an otherwise unattested Gaulish word ''lugos'', that he says means "raven" (κόρακα), and the Gaulish word for an eminence or high ground (τόπον ἐξέχοντα), ''dunon''.<ref>Delattre, Charles (ed.), ''Pseudo-Plutarque. De fluviorum et montium nominibus et de iis quae in illis inveniuntur'', Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2011, pp. 109–111 {{in lang|la}}.</ref>

An early interpretation of Gaulish ''Lugduno'' as meaning "Desired Mountain" is recorded in a gloss in the 9th-century [[Endlicher's Glossary]],<ref>''Lugduno desiderato monte: dunum enim montem'' Lugduno: "desired mountain"; because dunum is mountain" in [http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/endlicher_glossary.html Endlicher Glossary].</ref> but this may in fact reflect a native [[Frankish language|Frankish]] speaker's [[folk-etymology|folk-etymological]] attempt at linking the first element of the name, ''Lugu-'' (which, by the time this gloss was composed, would have been pronounced ''lu'u'', the -g- having become silent) with the similar-sounding Germanic word for "love", ''*luβ''.<ref>Toorians, Lauran, "Endlicher's Glossary, an attempt to write its history", in: García Alonso (Juan Luis) (ed.), ''Celtic and other languages in ancient Europe'' (2008), pp. 153–184.</ref>

Another early medieval folk-etymology of the name, found in gloss on the Latin poet [[Juvenal]], connects the element Lugu- to the Latin word for "light", {{Lang|la|lux}} (''luci''- in compounds) and translates the name as "Shining Hill" (''lucidus mons'').<ref>"Lugdunum est civitas Gallie quasi lucidum dunam, id est lucidus mons, dunam enim in Greco mons." in Andreas Hofeneder, ''Die Religion der Kelten in den antiken literarischen Zeugnissen'': Sammlung, Übersetzung und Kommentierung, Volume 2, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008, pp. 571–572 {{in lang|de}}.</ref>