Editing Luwian language (section)

==Classification==
{{main|Anatolian languages}}
Several other Anatolian languages – particularly [[Carian]], [[Lycian language|Lycian]], and [[Milyan]] (also known as Lycian B or Lycian II) – are now usually identified as related to Luwian – and as mutually connected more closely than other constituents of the Anatolian branch.<ref name="bauer9">Anna Bauer, 2014, ''Morphosyntax of the Noun Phrase in Hieroglyphic Luwian'', Leiden, Brill NV, pp. 9–10.</ref> This suggests that these languages formed a sub-branch within Anatolian. Some linguists follow [[Craig Melchert]] in referring to this broader group as Luwic,<ref>{{harvnb|Melchert|2012|p=14}}</ref> whereas others refer to the "Luwian group" (and, in that sense, "Luwian" may mean several distinct languages). Likewise, Proto-Luwian may mean the common ancestor of the whole group, or just the ancestor of Luwian (normally, under [[Tree model|tree-naming conventions]], were the branch to be called Luwic, its ancestor should be known as Proto-Luwic or Common Luwic; in practice, such names are seldom used). Luwic or Luwian (in the broad sense of the term), is one of three major sub-branches of Anatolian, alongside [[Hittite language|Hittite]] and [[Palaic]].<ref name="bauer9"/>

As Luwian has numerous archaisms, it is regarded as important to the study of [[Indo-European languages]] (''IE'') in general, the other Anatolian languages, and the [[Bronze Age]] Aegean. These archaisms are often regarded as supporting the view that the [[Proto-Indo-European language]] (''PIE'') had three distinct sets of [[velar consonant]]s:<ref>Melchert 1987</ref> [[velars|plain velars]], [[palatovelars]], and [[labialized velar consonant|labiovelars]]. For Melchert, PIE ''{{PIE|*ḱ }}'' → Luwian ''z'' (probably {{IPA|[ts]}}); ''{{PIE|*k}}'' → ''k''; and ''{{PIE|*kʷ}}'' → ''ku'' (probably {{IPA|[kʷ]}}). Luwian has also been enlisted for its verb ''kalut(t)i(ya)-'', which means "make the rounds of" and is probably derived from ''*kalutta/i-'' "circle".<ref>Melchert 1993, p. 99</ref> It has been argued<ref>Melchert, p.c., reported in Rieken 2012, p. 5</ref> that this derives from a proto-Anatolian word for "[[wheel]]", which in turn would have derived from the common word for "wheel" found in all other Indo-European families. The wheel was invented in the 5th millennium BC and, if ''kaluti'' does derive from it, then the Anatolian branch left PIE after its invention (so validating the [[Kurgan hypothesis]] as applicable to Anatolian). However, ''kaluti'' need not imply a wheel and so need not have been derived from a PIE word with that meaning, and the IE words for a wheel may well have arisen in those other IE languages after the Anatolian split.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}