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Lycopodiaceae
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==Description== Members of Lycopodiaceae are not [[spermatophyte]]s and so do not produce [[seed]]s. Instead they produce [[spore]]s, which are oily and flammable, and are the most economically important aspects of these plants. The spores are of one size (i.e. the plants are [[Spore#Classification of spore-producing organisms|isosporous]]) and are borne on a specialized structure at the apex of a shoot called a strobilus (plural: strobili), which resembles a tiny [[Club (weapon)|battle club]], from which the common name derives. Members of the family share the common feature of having a [[Microphylls and megaphylls|microphyll]], which is a "small leaf with a single vein, and not associated with a leaf gap in the central vascular system."<ref name=Judd15/> In Lycopodiaceae, the microphylls often densely cover the stem in a linear, scale-like, or appressed fashion to the stem, and the leaves are either opposite or spirally arranged. The club mosses commonly grow to be 5β20 cm tall.<ref name=Judd15 /> The [[gametophyte]]s in most species are non-photosynthetic and [[Myco-heterotrophy|myco-heterotrophic]], but the subfamily Lycopodielloideae and a few species in the subfamily Huperzioideae have gametophytes with an upper green and photosynthetic part, and a colorless lower part in contact with fungal hyphae.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AX8OH-k1PmUC&dq=Huperzia+Lycopodiella+gametophyte+mycoheterotrophic&pg=PA26 Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi]</ref><ref>[https://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-18052017-150806/publico/DaniloSoares_Gissi.pdf Phylogeny of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) focusing on Brazilian endemic species]</ref> In Lycopodioideae monoplastidic meiosis is common, whereas polyplastidic meiosis is found in Lycopodielloideae and Huperzioideae.<ref>[https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/12330 Sporogenesis, sporoderm and mature spore ornamentation in Lycopodiaceae]</ref>
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