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Macadamia
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==Description== ''Macadamia'' is a genus of [[evergreen]] trees that grows {{Convert|2|–|12|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} tall. The leaves are arranged in [[Whorl (botany)|whorl]]s of three to six, [[lanceolate]] to [[obovate]] or [[elliptic]] in [[Leaf shape|shape]], {{convert|60|–|300|mm|in|frac=2|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long and {{convert|30|–|130|mm|in|frac=8|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} broad, with an entire or spiny-serrated margin. The flowers are produced in a long, slender, and simple [[raceme]] {{convert|50|–|300|mm|in|frac=2|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long, the individual flowers {{convert|10|–|15|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long, white to pink or purple, with four [[tepal]]s. The fruit is a hard, woody, globose [[Follicle (fruit)|follicle]] with a pointed apex containing one or two [[seed]]s. The nutshell ("coat") is particularly tough and requires around 2000 [[Newton (unit)|N]] to crack. The shell material is five times harder than [[hazelnut]] shells<!--by density--> and has mechanical properties similar to [[Aluminium|aluminum]]. It has a [[Vickers hardness test|Vickers hardness]] of 35.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schüler |first1=Paul |last2=Speck |first2=Thomas |last3=Bührig-Polaczek |first3=Andreas |last4=Fleck |first4=Claudia |last5=Buehler |first5=Markus J. |title=Structure-Function Relationships in Macadamia integrifolia Seed Coats – Fundamentals of the Hierarchical Microstructure |journal=PLOS ONE|date=7 August 2014 |volume=9 |issue=#8 |pages=e102913 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0102913|pmid=25102155 |pmc=4125148 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j2913S |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jennings |first1=J. S. |last2=Macmillan |first2=N. H. |title=A tough nut to crack |journal=Journal of Materials Science |date=May 1986 |volume=21 |issue=#5 |pages=1517–1524 |doi=10.1007/BF01114704|bibcode=1986JMatS..21.1517J |s2cid=136850984 }}</ref>
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