Editing Macaque (section)

==Description==
Aside from [[human]]s (genus ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]''), the macaques are the most widespread [[primate]] genus, ranging from [[Japan]] to the [[Indian subcontinent]], and in the case of the [[Barbary macaque]] (''Macaca sylvanus''), to [[Maghreb|North Africa]] and [[Southern Europe]]. Twenty-three<!--as per preceding paragraph and species list below--> macaque species are currently recognized. Macaques are robust primates whose arms and legs are about the same in length. The fur of these animals is typically varying shades of brown or black and their muzzles are rounded in profile with nostrils on the upper surface. The tail varies among each species, which can be long, moderate, short or totally absent.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/macaque|title=macaque {{!}} Classification & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-07-02|language=en}}</ref> '' ''Although several species lack tails, and their common names refer to them as [[ape]]s, these are true monkeys, with no greater relationship to the true apes than any other [[Old World monkeys]]. Instead, this comes from an earlier definition of 'ape' that included primates generally.<ref>"ape, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2017. Web. 16 April 2017.</ref>

In some species, skin folds join the second through fifth toes, almost reaching the first [[metatarsus|metatarsal]] joint.<ref>{{cite book| year = 2000
 | last = Ankel-Simons | first = Friderun
 | title = Primate anatomy: an introduction
 | chapter = Hands and Feet | page = 340
 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 978-0-12-058670-7
 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5fttVRAHA4MC&pg=PA340
}}</ref> The monkey's size differs depending on sex and species. Males from all species can range from {{convert|41|to|70|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} in head and body length, and in weight from {{convert|5.5|to|18|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" /> Females can range from a weight of {{convert|2.4|to|13|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. These primates live in troops that vary in size, where males dominate, however the order of dominance frequently shifts. Female dominance lasts longer and depends upon their genealogical position. Macaques are able to swim and spend most of their time on the ground and spend some time in trees. They have large pouches in their cheeks where they carry extra food. They are considered highly intelligent and are often used in the medical field for experimentation due to their remarkable similarity to humans in emotional and cognitive development. Extensive experimentation has led to the long-tailed macaque being listed as endangered.<ref name=":0" />