Editing Magnocellular cell (section)

==Structure==
{{cleanup|section|reason=The section needs to more clearly state what the INPUT to magnocellular neurons are. There is too much switching between synonyms|date=May 2018}}
[[Image:lateral geniculate nucleus.png|thumb|Schematic diagram of the primate LGN.]]
The full details of the flow of signaling from the eye to the visual cortex of the brain that result in the experience of [[Visual perception|vision]] are incompletely understood. Many aspects are subject to active controversy and the disruption of new evidence.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Freud|first1=E|last2=Plaut|first2=DC|last3=Behrmann|first3=M|title='What' Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|date=October 2016|volume=20|issue=10|pages=773–84|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.003|pmid=27615805|s2cid=3053257}}</ref><ref name=Wallace2016>{{cite journal|last1=Wallace|first1=DJ|last2=Fitzpatrick|first2=D|last3=Kerr|first3=JN|title=Primate Thalamus: More Than Meets an Eye|journal=Current Biology|date=25 January 2016|volume=26|issue=2|pages=R60–1|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.025|pmid=26811887|doi-access=free}}</ref>

In the [[visual system]], signals mostly travel from the [[retina]] to the [[lateral geniculate nucleus]] (LGN) and then to the [[visual cortex]]. In humans the LGN is normally described as having six distinctive layers. The inner two layers, (1 and 2) are magnocellular cell (M cell) layers, while the outer four layers, (3,4,5 and 6), are [[parvocellular cell]] (P cell) layers. An additional set of neurons, known as the [[koniocellular cell]] (K cell) layers, are found ventral to each of the M cell and P cell layers.<ref name=Wallace2016/><ref name=Brodal2010>{{cite book|last1=Brodal|first1=Per|title=The central nervous system : structure and function|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-538115-3|edition=4th}}</ref>{{rp|227ff}}<ref name="Carlson, N. R. 2007">{{cite book|last1=Carlson|first1=Neil R.|title=Physiology of behavior|date=2007|publisher=Pearson/Allyn & Bacon|location=Boston|isbn=978-0205467242|edition=9th}}</ref>  These layers were named this way because cells in the M layers of the LGN are larger than cells in the P layers.<ref name=Brodal2010/>{{rp|228}}<ref>NB: "Parvus means "small" in Latin, per [http://latindictionary.wikidot.com/adjective:parvus Latin Dictionary] and "magnus" means large, per [http://latindictionary.wikidot.com/adjective:magnus Latin Dictionary]</ref>

M cells in the LGN receive input from [[Parasol cell|parasol ganglion cells]] (which some neuroscientists call M cells),<ref name=Brodal2010/>{{rp|226}} and P cells receive input from [[midget cell|midget retinal ganglion cells]] (which some neuroscientists call P cells).<ref name=Brodal2010/>{{rp|226}}<ref name=Callaway2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Callaway EM | title = Structure and function of parallel pathways in the primate early visual system | journal = The Journal of Physiology | volume = 566 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 13–9 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 15905213 | pmc = 1464718 | doi = 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.088047 }}</ref><ref name=Nassi2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nassi JJ, Callaway EM | title = Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system | journal = Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 360–72 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19352403 | pmc = 2771435 | doi = 10.1038/nrn2619}}</ref>

[[File:Magno_Parvocellular_Pathways.svg|none|thumb|400x400px|Visual representation of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways]]
From the LGN, the M pathway continues by sending information to the [[Blob (visual system)|interblob]] regions of the 4Cα layer of the [[Visual cortex#Primary visual cortex|V1]] region of the visual cortex, also called the "striate cortex".<ref name=Callaway2005/> Other cells in the striate are more influenced from signaling from P cells and yet others from K cells.   As signals are passed to other regions of the cortex, the signals start to be less separate, more integrated, and more influenced by signals from other parts of the brain.  While classically it is said that signaling through the M pathway ultimately flow out of the visual cortex through the [[dorsal stream]] and signaling through the P pathway ultimately flows to the [[ventral stream]], subsequent studies have shown that both pathways influence both streams.<ref name=Brodal2010/>{{rp|236}}

[[File:Human_visual_pathway.svg|thumb|300x300px|Human visual pathway]]