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Mahbub ul Haq
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== Early life and education == Haq was born into a [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] family on 24 February 1934 in the city of [[Gurdaspur]],<ref>Baru, Sanjaya (1988) Mahbub ul Haq and Human Development: A Tribute, ''Economic and Political Weekly'', Vol. 33, No. 35 (Aug. 29 - Sep. 4), pp. 2275-2279 (5 pages)</ref> [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], British India (now located in the [[India|Republic of India]]).<ref name="The Independent">{{cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Amartya|title=Obituary: Mahbub ul Haq|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-mahbub-ul-haq-1169323.html|work=Amartya Sen, Tam Dalyell|publisher=The Independent|access-date=10 August 2012 |author2=Tam Dalyell|date=3 August 1998}}</ref> His teenage years saw widespread intercommunal violence and forced migration following the independence of India and Pakistan from British rule in August 1947.<ref name="The Independent"/> He and his family migrated from India to the newly-created state of Pakistan following the [[partition of India]]; Haq stated that they narrowly escaped being killed in one of the refugee trains heading to Pakistan.<ref name="The Independent"/> After reaching [[Lahore]], Haq was given government-sponsored housing and decided to continue his education. In 1953, he graduated with a degree in economics from Lahore's [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College University]].<ref name="The Independent"/> He later earned a scholarship to attend [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]], where he earned another [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] in the same discipline alongside Indian economist [[Amartya Sen]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Hindu-Muslim friendship that helped shape the world|url=https://www.indiaabroad.com/opinion/a-hindu-muslim-friendship-that-helped-shape-the-world/article_8d7b99be-16a3-11e8-8497-1b733461d959.html|access-date=2022-01-15|website=IndiaAbroad.com|language=en}}</ref> with whom he formed a close friendship.<ref name="The Independent"/> After renewing his scholarship, Haq went to [[United States]] for his doctoral studies at Yale University and obtained a PhD. Later, Haq carried out postdoctoral work at [[Harvard University]] in 1960β61.<ref name="The Independent"/>
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