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Mandan language
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== Use and revitalization efforts == By 2009, there was just one fluent speaker of Mandan, [[Edwin Benson]] (1931–2016).<ref name="benson">{{cite news |work=The Missoulian |date=11 May 2009 |first=Jodi |last=Rave |url=http://www.missoulian.com/articles/2009/05/11/news/mtregional/news06.txt |title=The last speaker: UND to honor Mandan, last to speak Nu'eta as 1st language }}</ref> The language is being taught in local school programs to encourage the use of the language.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Last known fluent Mandan speaker honored | work = News From Indian Country | accessdate = 2012-09-27 | url = https://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/culture/language/4931-last-known-fluent-mandan-speaker-honored }}</ref> Prior to Benson's death, Estonian linguist Indrek Park worked with him for more than two years to preserve the language as much as possible.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/7a41507ead8a4f5a8f32c8b4953285e8 |title = Man known as last fluent speaker of the Mandan language dies |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=2021-03-11 |publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> The 2020 documentary ''To Save A Language'' portrays Park's efforts to revive the language.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nordische-filmtage.culturebase.org/en_EN/films/16538 |title=To Save a Language |publisher=[[Lübeck Nordic Film Days]] |accessdate=2021-03-11}}</ref> Mandan is taught at [[Fort Berthold Community College]] along with the [[Hidatsa language|Hidatsa]] and [[Arikara language]]s.<ref name="benson" /> Linguist Mauricio Mixco of the [[University of Utah]] has been involved in fieldwork with remaining speakers since 1993. As of 2007, extensive materials in the Mandan language at the college and at the [[North Dakota Heritage Center]], in [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], remained to be processed, according to linguists.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Rancher, linguist working to preserve Mandan language | work = News From Indian Country | accessdate = 2012-09-27 | date = 2007-08-07| url = https://indiancountrynews.net/index.php/news/76-culture/native-language/1144-rancher-linguist-working-to-preserve-mandan-language-8-07 9}}</ref> The MHA Language Project has created language learning materials for Mandan, including a vocabulary app, a dictionary, and several books in the language. They also provide a summer learning institute and materials for teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mandanlanguage.org/ |title=Home|website=MHA Language Project - Mandan|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref>
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