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Manding languages
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==Subdivisions== The Manding languages, the differences from one another and relationships among them are matters that continue to be researched. In addition, the [[nomenclature]] is a mixture of indigenous terms and words applied by English and French speakers since before the [[colonisation of Africa]], which makes the picture complex and even confusing. The [[Mandinka people]] speak varieties from the first two groups. The differences between the western and eastern branches manifest themselves primarily [[phonetic]]ally. While dialects of the western group usually have 10 [[vowels]] (5 oral and 5 long/[[nasal vowel|nasal]]), the eastern group, typified by Bambara, has 14 vowels (7 oral and 7 nasal): {{tree list}} * '''Manding''' ** West *** [[Kassonke language|Kassonke β Western Maninka]] (Mali, Senegal) *** [[Mandinka language|Mandinka]] (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau) *** [[Kita Maninka language|Kita Maninka]] (Mali) *** [[Jahanka language|Jahanka]] (Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, Mali; one of several dialects under this name) ** East *** [[Marka language|Marka (Dafin)]] (Burkina Faso, Mali) *** [[Bambara language|Bambara]]β[[Dyula language|Dyula]] (Northeastern Manding; Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast) *** [[Maninka language|Eastern Maninka]] (Southeastern Manding; multiple varieties in Mali, Guinea, Ivory Coast) *** [[Bolon language|Bolon]] (Burkina Faso) {{tree list/end}} In addition, [[Sininkere language|Sininkere]] (Burkina Faso) is of an unclear placement within Manding.
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