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March 1
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==Events== ===Pre-1600=== *[[509 BC]] – [[Publius Valerius Publicola]] celebrates the first [[Roman triumph|triumph]] of the [[Roman Republic]] after his victory over the deposed king [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] at the [[Battle of Silva Arsia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sage|first=M.M.|title=The Elogia of the Augustan Forum and the ''De Viris Illustribus'': A Reply|journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte|date=1983|volume=32|number=2|page=252}}</ref> * [[293]] – Emperor [[Diocletian]] and [[Maximian]] appoint [[Constantius Chlorus]] and [[Galerius]] as [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]]s. This is considered the beginning of the [[Tetrarchy]], known as the ''Quattuor Principes Mundi'' ("Four Rulers of the World").<ref>{{cite book|last=Banchich|first=Thomas Banchich M.|title=The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2009|isbn=9780415299091|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8_CBAgAAQBAJ|page=137}}</ref> * [[350]] – [[Vetranio]] proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by [[Constantina]], sister of [[Constantius II]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Elton|first=Hugh|title=The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity: A Political and Military History|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2018|isbn=9780521899314|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2V9DwAAQBAJ|page=72}}</ref> * [[834]] – Emperor [[Louis the Pious]] is restored as sole ruler of the [[Francia|Frankish Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Milman|first=Henry hart|title=History of Latin Christianity: Including That of the Popes to the Pontificate of Nicolas V. Volume 5|location=New York|publisher=A.C. Armstrong|date=1892|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1gwAQAAMAAJ|page=546}}</ref> *[[1476]] – Forces of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of [[Afonso V of Portugal|Afonso V]] and [[John II of Portugal|Prince John]] at the [[Battle of Toro]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lea|first=Henry Charles|title=History of the Inquisition of Spain. Volume 1|location=Frankfurt, Germany|publisher=Outlook Verlag|date=2020|isbn=9783752409109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXL1DwAAQBAJ|page=117}}</ref> *[[1562]] – Sixty-three [[Huguenot]]s are [[Massacre of Wassy|massacred in Wassy, France]], marking the start of the [[French Wars of Religion]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Caleb Guyer|title=French Protestantism, 1559–1562|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins Press|date=1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KIsAAAAYAAJ|page=164}}</ref> ===1601–1900=== *[[1628]] – Writs issued in February by [[Charles I of England]] mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay [[ship tax]] by this date. *[[1633]] – [[Samuel de Champlain]] reclaims his role as commander of [[New France]] on behalf of [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. *[[1692]] – [[Sarah Good]], [[Sarah Osborne]], and [[Tituba]] are brought before local magistrates in [[Danvers, Massachusetts|Salem Village, Massachusetts]], beginning what would become known as the [[Salem witch trials]]. *[[1781]] – The [[Articles of Confederation]] goes into effect in the United States.<ref name=MilestoneArticles>{{cite web |url= https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/Articles |title= Articles of Confederation, 1777–1781 |work= Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations |publisher= U.S. Department of State |location= Washington, D.C. |access-date= January 3, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101230164242/http://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/Articles |archive-date= December 30, 2010 |url-status= dead |postscript=none}}; {{cite book| last = Elliot| first = Jonathan| title = The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pTAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98| access-date = February 21, 2012| edition = 2nd| volume = 1| year = 1836| publisher = Editor on the Pennsylvania Avenue| location = Washington, D.C.| page = 98| archive-date = March 1, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210301023351/https://books.google.com/books?id=pTAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98| url-status = live}}</ref> *[[1796]] – The [[Dutch East India Company]] is nationalized by the [[Batavian Republic]]. *[[1805]] – Justice [[Samuel Chase]] is acquitted at the end of [[Impeachment trial of Samuel Chase|his impeachment trial]] before the [[U.S. Senate]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinds|first=Asher C.|title=Hinds' Precedents of the House of Representatives of the United States: Including References to Provisions of the Constitution, the Laws, and Decisions of the United States Senate. Volume III|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Government Printing Office|date=1907|oclc=2176404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma5CAQAAMAAJ|page=771}}</ref> *[[1811]] – [[Mamluk#End of power in Egypt|Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed]] by [[Egypt]]ian ruler [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]]. *[[1815]] – [[Napoleon]] returns to France from his banishment on [[Elba]]. *[[1836]] – A [[Convention of 1836|convention]] of delegates from 57 [[Texas]] communities convenes in [[Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas]], to deliberate independence from Mexico. *[[1845]] – United States President [[John Tyler]] signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the [[Republic of Texas]]. *[[1867]] – [[Nebraska]] is admitted as the 37th [[U.S. state]]. *[[1870]] – Marshal [[Francisco Solano López|F. S. López]] dies during the [[Battle of Cerro Corá]] thus marking the end of the [[Paraguayan War]]. *[[1871]] – The victorious [[Prussian Army]] parades through Paris, France, after the end of the [[Siege of Paris (1870–71)|Siege of Paris]] during the [[Franco-Prussian War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bismarck-stiftung.de/2020/10/05/kalenderblatt-der-sieges-einzug-in-paris-am-1-maerz-1871/ |title=Kalenderblatt: "Der Sieges-Einzug in Paris am 1. März 1871" |date=5 October 2020 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> *[[1872]] – [[Yellowstone National Park]] is established as the world's first [[national park]]. *[[1893]] – Electrical engineer [[Nikola Tesla]] gives the first public demonstration of [[radio]] in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. *[[1896]] – [[Battle of Adwa]]: An [[Ethiopia]]n army defeats an outnumbered [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] force, ending the [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Pankhurst | first=Richard K.P. | author-link=Richard K. P. Pankhurst | year=1998 | title=The Ethiopians: A History | series=The Peoples of Africa Series | location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Publishers | isbn=0-631-22493-9 | page=190}}</ref> * 1896 – [[Henri Becquerel]] discovers [[radioactive decay]]. ===1901–present=== *[[1901]] – The [[Australian Army]] is formed. *[[1910]] – The deadliest [[Wellington, Washington#1910 avalanche|avalanche]] in United States history buries a [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] train in northeastern [[King County, Washington]], killing 96 people. *[[1914]] – [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]] joins the [[Universal Postal Union]]. *[[1917]] – The [[Zimmermann Telegram]] is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] releases its [[plaintext|unencrypted text]]. *[[1919]] – [[March 1st Movement]] begins in [[Korea under Japanese rule]]. *[[1921]] – The [[Australia national cricket team|Australian cricket team]] captained by [[Warwick Armstrong]] becomes the first team to complete a [[whitewash (sport)|whitewash]] of [[The Ashes]], something that would not be repeated for 86 years. * 1921 – Following mass protests in [[Petrograd]] demanding greater freedom in the [[RSFSR]], the [[Kronstadt rebellion]] begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the [[Bolsheviks]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Avrich|first=Paul|title=[[Kronstadt, 1921]]|page=76|date=1970|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-08721-0}}</ref> *[[1932]] – Aviator [[Charles Lindbergh]]'s 20-month-old son [[Lindbergh kidnapping|Charles Jr is kidnapped]] from his home in [[East Amwell Township, New Jersey|East Amwell]], New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lindbergh Kidnapping|url=https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/lindbergh-kidnapping|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us}}</ref> *[[1939]] – An [[Imperial Japanese Army]] ammunition dump explodes at [[Hirakata, Osaka]], Japan, killing 94. *[[1941]] – [[World War II]]: [[Bulgaria]] signs the [[Tripartite Pact]], allying itself with the [[Axis powers]]. *[[1942]] – World War II: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces land on [[Java]], the main island of the [[Dutch East Indies]], at [[Port of Merak|Merak]] and [[Banten Bay]] ([[Banten]]), Eretan Wetan ([[Indramayu]]) and Kragan ([[Rembang Regency|Rembang]]). *[[1946]] – The [[Bank of England]] is nationalised. *[[1947]] – The [[International Monetary Fund]] begins financial operations. *[[1950]] – [[Cold War]]: [[Klaus Fuchs]] is convicted of spying for the [[Soviet Union]] by disclosing top secret [[atomic bomb]] data. *[[1953]] – Soviet Premier [[Joseph Stalin]] suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later. *[[1954]] – [[Nuclear weapons testing]]: The [[Castle Bravo]], a 15-[[TNT equivalent|megaton]] [[hydrogen bomb]], is detonated on [[Bikini Atoll]] in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst [[radioactive contamination]] ever caused by the United States. * 1954 – [[Independence movement in Puerto Rico|Armed Puerto Rican nationalists]] attack the [[United States Capitol]] building, [[1954 United States Capitol shooting|injuring five Representatives]]. *[[1956]] – The [[International Air Transport Association]] finalizes a draft of the [[Radiotelephony spelling alphabet]] for the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]]. * 1956 – Formation of the [[East Germany|East German]] [[National People's Army|Nationale Volksarmee]]. *[[1958]] – [[Samuel Stritch|Samuel Alphonsus Stritch]] is appointed [[Pro-Prefect]] of the [[Propagation of Faith]] and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the [[Roman Curia]]. *[[1961]] – [[Uganda]] becomes self-governing and holds its first elections. *[[1962]] – [[American Airlines Flight 1 (1962)|American Airlines Flight 1]] crashes into [[Jamaica Bay]] in [[New York (state)|New York]], killing 95.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-123B N7506A Jamaica Bay, NY |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19620301-0 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> *[[1964]] – [[Villarrica (volcano)|Villarrica Volcano]] begins a [[strombolian eruption]] causing [[lahar]]s that destroy half of the town of [[Coñaripe]]. *1964 – [[Paradise Airlines Flight 901A]] crashes near [[Lake Tahoe]], Nevada, killing 85.<ref name="asn">{{cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-049 Constellation N86504 Lake Tahoe Airport, CA (TVL) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640301-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610050316/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640301-1 |archive-date=June 10, 2019 |access-date=May 28, 2019 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> *[[1966]] – [[Venera 3]] [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[space probe]] crashes on [[Venus]] becoming the first [[spacecraft]] to land on another [[planet]]'s surface. * 1966 – The [[Ba'ath Party]] takes power in [[Syria]]. *[[1971]] – [[President of Pakistan]] [[Yahya Khan]] indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in [[East Pakistan]]. *[[1973]] – [[Black September (group)|Black September]] storms the [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] embassy in [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]], resulting in the [[Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum|assassination of three Western hostages]]. *[[1974]] – [[Watergate scandal]]: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. *[[1981]] – [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] member [[Bobby Sands]] begins his [[1981 Irish hunger strike|hunger strike]] in [[HM Prison Maze]]. *[[1990]] – [[Steve Jackson Games]] is raided by the [[United States Secret Service]], prompting the later formation of the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]. *[[1991]] – [[1991 Iraqi uprisings|Uprisings]] against [[Saddam Hussein]] begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians. *[[1992]] – [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] declares its independence from [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. *[[1998]] – ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' became the first film to gross over [[List of highest-grossing films|$1 billion worldwide]]. *[[2002]] – [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]]: [[Operation Anaconda]] begins in eastern [[Afghanistan]]. * 2002 – The [[Envisat]] [[environmental satellite]] successfully launches aboard an [[Ariane 5#List of launches|Ariane 5 rocket]] to reach an orbit of {{convert|800|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} above the Earth, which was the then-largest [[payload (air and space craft)|payload]] at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/e/envisat|title=EnviSat (Environmental Satellite)|website=eoPortal|access-date=2020-03-02|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731003313/https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/e/envisat|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2002 – [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] is launched on [[STS-109]] to service the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].<ref name="ksc1">{{cite web |title=Mission STS-109 |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-109/mission-sts-109.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318104517/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-109/mission-sts-109.html |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=1 March 2009 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> *[[2003]] – Management of the [[United States Customs Service]] and the [[United States Secret Service]] move to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]]. *[[2005]] – In ''[[Roper v. Simmons]]'', the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenhouse |first=Linda |date=2005-03-02 |title=Supreme Court, 5-4, Forbids Execution in Juvenile Crime |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/02/politics/supreme-court-54-forbids-execution-in-juvenile-crime.html |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> *[[2006]] – English-language [[Wikipedia]] reaches its one millionth article, [[Jordanhill railway station]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Simon |first=Matt |date=1 March 2012 |title=March 1, 2006: English Wikipedia's Millionth Entry Pulls Into the Station |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/03/march-1-2006-english-wikipedias-millionth-entry-pulls-into-the-station/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> *[[2007]] – [[Tornado]]es [[February–March 2007 tornado outbreak sequence|break out across the southern United States]], killing at least 20 people, including eight at [[Enterprise High School (Alabama)|Enterprise High School]]. *[[2008]] – The [[Police of Armenia|Armenian police]] clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against [[2008 Armenian presidential election|allegedly fraudulent presidential elections]], as a result ten people are killed. *[[2014]] – Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a [[2014 Kunming attack|mass stabbing]] at [[Kunming Railway Station]] in China.
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