Editing Martin Buber (section)

== Biography ==
Martin ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] name: ''מָרְדֳּכַי,'' ''Mordechai'') Buber was born in [[Vienna]] to an Orthodox Jewish family. Buber was a direct descendant of the 16th-century rabbi [[Meir ben Isaac Katzenellenbogen|Meir Katzenellenbogen]], known as the Maharam (מהר"ם), the Hebrew acronym for “'''M'''ordechai, '''H'''a'''R'''av (the Rabbi), '''M'''eir”, of [[Padua]]. [[Karl Marx]] is another notable relative.<ref name="unbroken" /> After the divorce of his parents when he was three years old, he was raised by his grandfather in Lemberg (now [[Lviv]] in Ukraine).<ref name="unbroken">{{Citation | last = Rosenstein | first = Neil | title = The Unbroken Chain: Biographical Sketches and Genealogy of Illustrious Jewish Families from the 15th–20th Century | volume = 1, 2 | edition = revised | publisher = CIS | place = New York | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-9610578-4-X}}</ref> His grandfather, [[Solomon Buber]], was a scholar of [[Midrash]] and [[Rabbinic Literature]]. At home, Buber spoke [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] and German. In 1892, Buber returned to his father's house in [[Lemberg]].

Despite Buber's putative connection to the [[Davidic line]] as a descendant of Katzenellenbogen, a personal religious crisis led him to break with Jewish [[Halakha|religious customs]]. He began reading [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], and [[Friedrich Nietzsche]].<ref name="Wood1969">{{cite book| first =Robert E | last = Wood|title=Martin Buber's Ontology: An Analysis of I and Thou |url=https://archive.org/details/martinbubersonto0000wood| url-access =registration |date=1 December 1969|publisher= Northwestern University Press|isbn = 978-0-8101-0650-5 | page =[https://archive.org/details/martinbubersonto0000wood/page/5 5]}}</ref> The latter two, in particular, inspired him to pursue studies in philosophy. In 1896, Buber went to study in Vienna (philosophy, [[art history]], German studies, [[philology]]).

In 1898, he joined the [[Zionism|Zionist]] movement, participating in congresses and organizational work. In 1899, while studying in [[Zürich]], Buber met his future wife, [[Paula Winkler]], a "brilliant Catholic writer from a Bavarian peasant family"<ref>The Pity of It All: A History of Jews in Germany 1743–1933. p. 238. (2002) {{ISBN|0-8050-5964-4}}</ref> who in 1901 left the Catholic Church and in 1907 [[Conversion to Judaism|converted to Judaism]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/buber.shtml |title=The Existential Primer |publisher=Tameri |access-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref>

Buber, initially, supported and celebrated the Great War as a "world historical mission" for Germany along with Jewish intellectuals to civilize the Near East.<ref>Elon, Amos. (2002). The Pity of It All: A History of Jews in Germany, 1743{{ndash}}1933. New York: Metropolitan Books. Henry Holt and Company.  pp. 318–319. {{ISBN|0-8050-5964-4}}.</ref> Some researchers believe that while in Vienna during and after World War I, he was influenced by the writings of [[Jacob L. Moreno]], particularly the use of the term ‘encounter’.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psykodramainstitutt.no/uf/90000_99999/97040/a25ec6c0cf0b2d0496ee4f634e0fb344.pdf|title=Jacob Levy Moreno's encounter term: a part of a social drama|website=Psykodramainstitutt.no|access-date=9 August 2019|pages=9–10|archive-date=March 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310223129/http://psykodramainstitutt.no/uf/90000_99999/97040/a25ec6c0cf0b2d0496ee4f634e0fb344.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blatner.com/adam/pdntbk/BuberMoreno.html|title=Moreno's Influence on Martin Buber's Dialogical Philosophy|website=Blatner.com|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>

In 1930, Buber became an honorary professor at the [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main|University of Frankfurt am Main]], but resigned from his professorship in protest immediately after [[Adolf Hitler]] came to power in 1933. He then founded the Central Office for Jewish Adult Education, which became an increasingly important body as the German government forbade Jews from public education. In 1938, Buber left Germany and settled in [[Jerusalem]], [[Mandatory Palestine]], receiving a professorship at [[Hebrew University]] and lecturing in [[anthropology]] and introductory [[sociology]]. In 1947, he was forced to flee his home in [[Abu Tor]], Jerusalem, due to the advance of the [[Arab Liberation Army]].<ref>Paul Mendes-Flohr, ''Martin Buber: A Life of Faith and Dissent'', p.252</ref> After the creation of the [[1948 in Israel|state of Israel in 1948]], Buber became the best known Israeli philosopher. 

Buber and Paula had two children: a son, Rafael Buber, and a daughter, Eva Strauss-Steinitz. They helped raise their granddaughters [[Barbara Goldschmidt]] (1921–2013) and [[Judith Buber Agassi]] (1924–2018), born by their son Rafael's marriage to [[Margarete Buber-Neumann]].
Buber's wife Paula Winkler died in 1958 in Venice, and he died at his home in the [[Talbiya]] neighborhood of Jerusalem on 13 June 1965.
 
Buber was a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]].<ref>Rosen, Steven. (1987). ''Food for the Spirit: Vegetarianism and the World Religions''. Bala Books. p. 45. {{ISBN|9780896470224}}</ref>