Editing Mary Cartwright (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:Young Skewes Schieldrop Tricomi Cartwright Zurich1932.tif|thumb|Mary Cartwright (far right) at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1932.]]
Mary Cartwright was born on 17 December 1900, in [[Aynho]], Northamptonshire, where her father William Digby was [[vicar]]. Through her grandmother Jane Holbech, she descended from poet [[John Donne]] and [[William Mompesson]], Vicar of Eyam.<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy |id=18533}}</ref><ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Cartwright}}</ref> She had four siblings, two older and two younger: John (born 1896), Nigel (born 1898), Jane (born 1905), and William (born 1907).<ref name="mcs-andrews" /> Her early education was at Leamington High School (1912–1915), and then at Gravely Manor School in [[Boscombe]] (1915–1916) before completion in [[Godolphin School]] in Salisbury (1916–1919).<ref name="royalsoced1">{{cite web|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|publisher=Royalsoced.org.uk|access-date=20 December 2015}}</ref>

Cartwright studied mathematics at [[St Hugh's College, Oxford]], graduating in 1923 with a first class degree. She was the first woman to attain the final degree lectures and to obtain a first. She briefly taught at [[Alice Ottley School]] in [[Worcester, England|Worcester]] and [[Wycombe Abbey School]] in Buckinghamshire before returning to Oxford in 1928 to read for her [[Doctor of Philosophy|D.Phil]]. Cartwright was supervised by [[G. H. Hardy]] in her doctoral studies. During the academic year 1928–9 Hardy was at [[Princeton University|Princeton]], so it was [[E. C. Titchmarsh]] who took over the duties as a supervisor. Her thesis "The Zeros of Integral Functions of Special Types" was examined by [[J. E. Littlewood]], whom she met for the first time as an external examiner in her oral examination for that 1930 D.Phil.<ref name="mactutor" />

In 1930, Cartwright was awarded a [[Yarrow Research Fellowship]] and went to [[Girton College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] to continue working on the topic of her doctoral thesis. Attending Littlewood's lectures, she solved one of the open problems which he posed. Her mathematical theorem, now known as [[Cartwright's theorem|Cartwright's Theorem]], gives an estimate for the maximum modulus of an [[analytic function]] that takes the same value no more than ''p'' times in the [[unit disc]]. To prove the theorem she used a new approach, applying a technique introduced by [[Lars Ahlfors]] for [[conformal geometry|conformal mappings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prezi.com/2pdjgbqmvfu-/mary-lucy-carwright/|title=Mary Lucy Cartwright|first=Jack|last=DeFuria|publisher=Prezi|date=22 October 2014|access-date=8 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Cartwright obituary ams.org">{{Cite journal|last1=McMurran|first1=Shawnee|last2=Tattersall|first2=James|date=February 1999|title=Mary Cartwright
|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/199902/mem-cartwright.pdf|journal=Notices of the AMS|volume=46}}</ref> While at Cambridge Cartwright attended the mathematical lectures of [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=McGuinness |editor1-first=Brian |title=Wittgenstein in Cambridge: Letters and Documents 1911 - 1951 |date=2012 |publisher=John WIley & Sons |page=207}}</ref>