Editing MathML (section)

== History ==
Following some experiments in the [[Arena browser]] based on proposals for mathematical markup in HTML,<ref>{{cite web
	| title = 12 - Mathematical Equations
	| url = https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/HTMLPlus/htmlplus_45.html
	| date = 1993-11-08
}}</ref> MathML 1 was released as a W3C recommendation in April 1998 as the first [[XML]] language to be recommended by the [[W3C]]. Version 1.01 of the format was released in July 1999 and version 2.0 appeared in February 2001. Implementations of the specification appeared in [[Amaya (web editor)|Amaya 1.1]], [[Firefox|Mozilla 1.0]] and [[Opera 9.5]].<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Mozilla 1.0 Released!
	| url = http://www.mozillazine.org/articles/article2278.html
	| date = 2002-06-05
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref><ref name="opera-kestrel">{{citation
	| url = http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/can-kestrels-do-math-mathml-support-in/
	| title = Can Kestrels do Math? MathML support in Opera Kestrel
	| first = Charles | last = McCathieNevile
	| date = 2007-09-27
	| publisher = Opera
}}</ref> In October 2003, the second edition of MathML Version 2.0 was published as the final release by the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C Math Working Group]].

MathML was originally designed before the finalization of [[XML namespace]]s. However, it was assigned a namespace immediately after the Namespace Recommendation was completed, and for XML use, the elements should be in the namespace with namespace URL ''<nowiki>http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML</nowiki>''. When MathML is used in HTML (as opposed to XML) this namespace is automatically inferred by the HTML parser and need not be specified in the document.<ref>{{cite web
	| title = HTML Living Standard
	| url = https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#parsing-main-inbody:mathml-namespace
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref>

=== MathML version 3 ===
Version 3 of the MathML specification was released as a [[World Wide Web Consortium#W3C recommendation (REC)|W3C recommendation]] on 20 October 2010. A recommendation of ''A MathML for CSS Profile'' was later released on 7 June 2011;<ref name=CSSProfile>{{cite web
	| title = A MathML for CSS Profile
	| url = https://www.w3.org/TR/mathml-for-css/
	| publisher = W3C
	| access-date = 2013-07-25
	| date = 2011-06-07
}}</ref> this is a subset of MathML suitable for CSS formatting. Another subset, ''Strict Content MathML'', provides a subset of content MathML with a uniform structure and is designed to be compatible with [[OpenMath]]. Other content elements are defined in terms of a transformation to the strict subset. New content elements include {{code|<bind>|lang=XML}} which associates bound variables ({{code|<bvar>|lang=XML}}) to expressions, for example a summation index. The new {{code|<share>|lang=XML}} element allows structure sharing.<ref name="V3"/>

The development of MathML 3.0 went through a number of stages. In June 2006, the W3C rechartered the MathML Working Group to produce a MathML 3 Recommendation until February 2008, and in November 2008 extended the charter to April 2010. A sixth Working Draft of the MathML 3 revision was published in June 2009. On 10 August 2010 version 3 graduated to become a "Proposed Recommendation" rather than a draft.<ref name="V3">{{cite web
	| url = https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/
	| title = Mathematical Markup Language Version 3.0 W3C Recommendation
	| website = W3.org
	| access-date = 2012-05-09
}}</ref> An implementation of MathML 2 landed in [[WebKit]] around this same time,<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Announcing…MathML!
	| url = https://webkit.org/blog/1366/announcing%e2%80%a6mathml/
	| date = 2010-08-17
	| first = Beth | last = Dakin
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref> with a [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] implementation following a couple of years later,<ref>{{cite web
	| title = A web developer's guide to the latest Chrome Beta
	| url = https://blog.chromium.org/2012/11/a-web-developers-guide-to-latest-chrome.html
	| date = 2012-11-08
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref> although that implementation was removed from Chromium after less than a year.<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Comment 32 on Issue 152430: Enabling support for MathML
	| url = https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=152430#c32
	| date = 2013-02-05
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref>

The Second Edition of MathML 3.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on 10 April 2014.<ref name="w3c-standard-2nd-ed"/> The specification was approved as an [[International Electrotechnical Commission|ISO/IEC]] international standard 40314:2015 on 23 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = https://www.w3.org/2015/06/mathmlpas.html.en
	| title = W3C MathML 3.0 Approved as ISO/IEC International Standard
	| website = W3.org
	| date = 2015-06-23
	| access-date = 2015-06-12
}}</ref> Also in 2015, the MathML Association was founded to support the adoption of the MathML standard.<ref>{{citation
	| url = http://mathml-association.org/about.html
        | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002150927/http://mathml-association.org/about.html
        | url-status = usurped
        | archive-date = 2 October 2015
        | title = Mondial Association for Tools Handling MathML
	| access-date = 2016-06-20
	| author1 = Deyan Ginev
	| author2 = Michael Kohlhase
	| author3 = Moritz Schubotz
	| author4 = Raniere Silva
	| author5 = Frédéric Wang
}}</ref> At that time, according to a member of the [[MathJax]] team, none of the major browser makers paid any of their developers for any MathML-rendering work; whatever support existed was overwhelmingly the result of unpaid volunteer time/work.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://radar.oreilly.com/2013/11/mathml-forges-on.html
	| title = MathML forges on
	| first = Peter | last = Krautzberger
	| work = oreilly.com
	| date = 2013-11-01
	| access-date = 2014-11-22
}}</ref>

=== MathML Core ===
In August 2021, a new specification called MathML Core was published, described as the “core subset of Mathematical Markup Language, or MathML, that is suitable for browser implementation.”<ref>{{cite web
	| title = MathML Core
	| url = https://www.w3.org/TR/2022/WD-mathml-core-20220504/#abstract
	| date = 2022-05-04
	| access-date = 2023-03-03
}}</ref> MathML Core set itself apart from MathML 3.0 by including detailed rendering rules and integration with [[CSS]], automated browser support testing resources, and focusing on a fundamental subset of MathML. An implementation was added to Chromium at the beginning of 2023.<ref name="igalia-chrome-109">{{cite web
	| url = https://www.igalia.com/2023/01/10/Igalia-Brings-MathML-Back-to-Chromium.html
	| title = Igalia Brings MathML Back to Chromium
	| date = 2023-01-10
	| access-date = 2023-01-10
	| publisher = Igalia News
}}</ref>