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==Animals== {{Main|Animal sexual behaviour}} {{See also|Copulation (zoology)|Human mating strategies}} For animals, mating strategies include [[random mating]], [[disassortative mating]], [[assortative mating]], or a [[mating pool]]. In some birds, it includes behaviors such as [[nest]]-building and [[nutrition|feed]]ing offspring. The human practice of mating and [[Artificial_insemination#Artificial_insemination_in_livestock_and_pets|artificially inseminating domesticated animals]] is part of [[animal husbandry]]. In some [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[arthropod]]s, including insects representing [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] (primitive) [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] clades, the male deposits [[spermatozoon|spermatozoa]] on the substrate, sometimes stored within a special structure. [[Courtship display|Courtship]] involves inducing the female to take up the sperm package into her genital opening without actual copulation. Courtship is often facilitated through forming groups, called [[Lek mating|leks]], in flies and many other insects. For example, male ''[[Tokunagayusurika akamusi]]'' forms swarms dancing in the air to attract females. In groups such as [[dragonflies]] and many spiders, males extrude sperm into secondary copulatory structures removed from their genital opening, which are then used to inseminate the female (in dragonflies, it is a set of modified [[sternite]]s on the second abdominal segment; in spiders, it is the male [[pedipalp]]s). In advanced groups of insects, the male uses its [[aedeagus]], a structure formed from the terminal segments of the abdomen, to deposit sperm directly (though sometimes in a capsule called a "[[spermatophore]]") into the female's reproductive tract. Other animals reproduce sexually with external fertilization, including many [[primitive (biology)|basal]] [[vertebrate]]s. Vertebrates reproduce with internal fertilization through [[cloaca]]l copulation (in reptiles, some fish, and most birds)<ref name="Hyman1992" /> or [[penis|penile]]-[[vagina|vaginal]] penetration and [[ejaculation]] of [[semen]] (in [[Mammal|mammals]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Birkhead |first1=Tim R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhvmHW972mAC&pg=PA701 |title=Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection |last2=Møller |first2=Anders Pape |date=1998-08-12 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-054159-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dixson |first=Alan F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whcvEAAAQBAJ |title=Mammalian Sexuality: The Act of Mating and the Evolution of Reproduction |date=2021-06-03 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-69949-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hyman1992">{{cite book|author=Libbie Henrietta Hyman|title=Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC|date=15 September 1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-87013-7|access-date=21 November 2016|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801092954/https://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC|url-status=live}}</ref> In domesticated animals, there are various type of mating methods being employed to mate animals like pen mating (when female is moved to the desired male into a pen) or paddock mating (where one male is let loose in the paddock with several females). <gallery heights="150" widths="200"> File:Bagmati River, Pashupatinath, Nepal Animal sex バグマティ川とパシュパティナート火葬場 サルの交尾 5835.JPG|[[Macaque monkey]]s mating File:オオカミ(Gray wolf) (5339403526).jpg|[[Gray wolf#Reproduction and development|Gray wolves mating]] File:LionsMating.jpg|[[Lion#Reproduction and life cycle|Lions mating]] File:Snails mating.jpg|[[Hermaphroditic]] snails (''[[Cornu aspersum]]'') [[reproductive system of gastropods|mating]] File:Tortoise mating.jpg|African spurred tortoises (''[[Centrochelys sulcata]]'') mating File:Chalkhill blue butterflies (Polyommatus coridon) mating 1.jpg|Chalkhill blue butterflies (''[[Lysandra coridon]]'') mating File:Hoverflies mating midair.jpg|[[hoverfly|Hoverflies]] (''[[Simosyrphus grandicornis]]'') mating in midair File:Joined moths.JPG|Poplar hawk-moths (''[[Laothoe populi]]'') mating File:Ladybird-Coccinellidae-mating.jpg|[[Ladybug]]s mating File:Aphrophora alni mating.jpg|Spittlebugs (''[[Aphrophora alni]]'') mating File:Dogs mating.jpg|[[Dog|Dogs]] mating File:Goats mating.jpg|[[Goat|Goats]] mating File:Two cats mating (September 2021).jpg|[[Cat|Cats]] mating File:Gråsparv (Passer domesticus) - Ystad-2024.jpg|[[House sparrow|House sparrows]] mating. File:Sexually explicit flies..jpg|[[Drosophila melanogaster|Fruit Flies]] mating </gallery>
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