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Matrix of domination
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== Theory applied == Though Collins' main focus of the theory of the matrix of domination was applied to [[African-American women]], there are many other examples that can be used to illustrate the theory. Other examples include [[Log Cabin Republicans]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rogers|first1=Mary F.|last2=Lott|first2=Phillip B.|date=1997|title=Backlash, the Matrix of Domination, and Log Cabin Republicans|jstor=4121156|journal=The Sociological Quarterly|volume=38|issue=3|pages=497β512|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb00489.x}}</ref> female criminality,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bernard|first=April|date=May 15, 2012|title=The Intersectional Alternative: Explaining Female Criminality|journal=Feminist Criminology|volume=8|pages=3β19|doi=10.1177/1557085112445304|s2cid=146950388}}</ref> and African-American Muslim women.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Byng|first=Michelle D.|date=1998|title=Mediating Discrimination: Resisting Oppression Among African-American Muslim Women |journal=Social Problems|volume=45|issue=4|pages=473β487|doi=10.2307/3097208|jstor=3097208}}</ref> One of the key concepts of the matrix of domination is that the different categories, like race and gender, are separate groups, rather than a combination. This is a problem that can be seen in the law as well when it comes to discrimination because the courts fail to view discrimination as an overarching umbrella of intersectionality.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cousins|first1=Oswald B.|title=The Judicial Approach to Intersectional Discrimination: Significant Decisions from a Defense Perspective|date=November 10, 2017}}</ref> A way in which the matrix of domination works with regards to privilege can be if two people all have the same classification, except one person has an education and one does not have as high of an education. Their gender, race, sexuality, educational attainment all intersect to identify who they are. However, compared to other people one classification can point out privilege and, in turn, open more opportunities for one individual over the other.<ref name=":0" /> One of the main aspects of the matrix of domination is the fact that one may be privileged in one area, yet they can be oppressed in a different aspect of their identity. Some people believe that racial discrimination is on its way to being eradicated from the United States when they look as people like [[Colin Powell]], a very successful, African-American, middle-aged man. Although Powell obtains the characteristics of a person that may not face oppression (upper-class, middle-aged, male), he is still discriminated against because of his race. This shows one of the key components of the matrix of domination; the idea that one cannot look at the individual facets of someone's identity, but rather that they are all interconnected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rampages.us/oliviapryor/tag/matrix-of-domination/|title=matrix of domination {{!}} A so-sociologist|website=rampages.us|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-01}}</ref>
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