Editing Memorial Quadrangle (section)

==Building==
{{See also|Harkness Tower}}
[[File:Killingworth Courtyard spring.JPG|thumb|250px|Killingworth Court, now part of Saybrook College]]
Construction began in 1917, the bicentennial of Yale's first building in New Haven, and was completed in 1921. As initially built, the Quadrangle contained dorm rooms for 630 students, a dining hall, and seven courtyards.<ref name="Pinnell">{{cite book |last=Pinnell |first=Patrick |title=The Campus Guide: Yale University |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=Princeton, NJ |year=1999 |edition=1st |isbn=9781568981673 |pages=62–64}}</ref> Dry [[moat]]s with low walls, a frequent architectural motif at Yale, were first used by this building<ref name="Pinnell" /> and were planted with [[ivy]], flowers, and trees by landscape architect [[Beatrix Jones Farrand]] with an eye to both increased privacy and street beautification.

[[Harkness Tower]], the most visible symbol of Yale on the [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] skyscape, is placed on an axis unifying it with Yale's [[Old Campus]]. The shorter Wrexham Tower is modeled on the tower of [[St Giles' Church, Wrexham|St Giles' Church]] in [[Wrexham]], [[Wales]], where [[Elihu Yale]] is buried.

The building is divided into seven courtyards, which Rogers framed with materials and decorative elements giving each distinct character.<ref name="Coulson">{{cite book |author1-last=Coulson |author1-first=Jonathan |author2-last=Roberts |author2-first=Paul |author3-last=Taylor |author3-first=Isabelle |title=University Planning and Architecture: The Search for Perfection |year=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 9781136933707 |pages=229–230}}</ref> Three—Killingworth Court, Saybrook Court, and the largest, Branford Court—commemorate Connecticut towns significant to the school's founding, and a fourth, Wrexham Court, commemorating the city of [[Wrexham]] in [[Wales]], the resting place of [[Elihu Yale]]. The other three, on the building's southern side and now part of Branford College, are named for early debating societies in Yale College: [[Brothers in Unity]] Court, [[Linonian Society|Linonia]] Court, and Calliope Court after the [[Calliopean Society]]. Walls around these southward courtyards are several stories shorter than those on the north, allowing light to fill all of the quadrangle's open spaces more evenly.<ref name="Coulson" />

The building's masonry exterior is richly ornamented, and much of the decoration commemorates distinguished university graduates. The gate beneath Harkness Tower, crafted by [[Samuel Yellin]], is the most ornate of his many works at Yale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yale.edu/publicart/yellin.html |access-date=8 August 2014 |title=Memorial Quadrangle Gate |publisher=Yale University |website=Public Art at Yale |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009103721/http://www.yale.edu/publicart/yellin.html |archive-date=9 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[G. Owen Bonawit]] designed unique stained glass windowpanes for each student room. The roof of the building has been tiled with a custom [[Ludowici Roof Tile|Ludowici]] clay shingle since its construction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ludowici Celadon Company |title=Ludowici |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_architectural-forum_1949-10_91_4/mode/2up?q=ludowici |work=Architectural Forum |date=October 1949}}</ref>