Editing Menominee language (section)

== Usage and revitalization efforts ==
Menominee is a highly [[endangered language]], as there are only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their [[first language]], all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their [[second language]]; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others.<ref>{{Cite web
| last = Hoffman
| first = Mike
| title = Menominee Place Names In Wisconsin
| work = The Menominee Clans Story
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| url = http://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/
| archive-date = 2013-04-10
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130410052123/http://www4.uwsp.edu/museum/menomineeClans/places/
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

The Menominee Language & Culture Commission was established by the [[Menominee]] Nation to promote the continued use of the language.<ref>
{{Cite web
| title = Language and Culture
| work = Menominee Indian Tribe Of Wisconsin
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| url = http://www.menominee-nsn.gov/MITW/DepartmentDetails.aspx?departmentID=1
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150509224815/http://www.menominee-nsn.gov/MITW/DepartmentDetails.aspx?departmentID=1
| archive-date = 2015-05-09
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref> In the 21st century, residents of the Menominee reservation at [[Keshena, Wisconsin|Keshena]] have held intensive classes for learners of all ages, and have worked with linguists from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] to document the language and to develop curriculum and learning materials.<ref>
{{Cite web
| title = News release: Professor documents endangered Menominee language
| work = University of Wisconsin-Madison
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| url = http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/7804.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150509180241/http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/7804.html
| archive-date = 2015-05-09
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite journal
| issue = 71
| last = Pervos
| first = Stefanie
| title = Wisconsin Tribal Languages in Danger of Dying Out
| journal = Canku Ota
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2002-10-05
| url = http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co10052002/CO_10052002_Wisconsin_Languages.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120717013748/http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co10052002/CO_10052002_Wisconsin_Languages.htm
| archive-date = 2012-07-17
| url-status = usurped
}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1 = Caldwell|first1 = Alan|last2 = Macaulay|first2 = Monica|date = 2000|title = The Current Status of the Menominee Language|journal = Papers of the 31st Conference on Algonquian Languages|publisher = University of Manitoba: Winnipeg|pages = 18–29}}</ref> A Menominee dictionary project,<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Award # 0235873 - A Menominee-English/English-Menominee Dictionary |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235873 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.nsf.gov |archive-date=2023-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183021/https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235873 |url-status=live }}</ref> led by [[Monica Macaulay]], has resulted in the publication of modern dictionaries of the language in support of revitalization efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: Menominee |url=https://www.teachlangwisconsin.com/menominee |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Multilingualism and Education in Wisconsin |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521185715/https://www.teachlangwisconsin.com/menominee |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1977, Menominee High School, founded when "the Indians of the Menominee Reservation separated from the [[Shawano, Wisconsin|Shawano]]-Gresham School District to open their own district," began to offer Menominee language, drumming, and tribal dance in addition to its academic program.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = O'Meara
| first = Robery
| title = Learning Language, Crafts Instills Pride in Students : Reservation Schools Keep Indian Tribe's Culture Alive
| work = Los Angeles Times
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 1986-02-02
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-02-mn-3395-story.html
| archive-date = 2015-09-19
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150919054117/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-02-02/news/mn-3395_1_menominee-high-school
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title = Revitalizing the Menominee Language
| work = Center for the Study of Upper Midwestern Culture
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2003
| url = http://csumc.wisc.edu/?q=node/203
| archive-date = 2013-07-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130702210313/http://csumc.wisc.edu/?q=node/203
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

Classes in the Menominee language are available locally at preschool, high school and adult levels,<ref>{{Cite web
| last = Jones
| first = Meg
| title = Menominee tribe makes effort to keep language alive
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2009-03-07
| url = http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/40907582.html
| archive-date = 2014-03-19
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140319075556/http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/40907582.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| last = Jagannathan
| first = Malavika
| title = Menominee language finds new life in schools
| work = Canku Ota
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2008-12-01
| url = http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues08/CO120108/CO_120108_MenomineeLanguage.htm
| archive-date = 2012-06-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120630063516/http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues08/CO120108/CO_120108_MenomineeLanguage.htm
| url-status = usurped
}}</ref> and at the [[College of Menominee Nation]] and [[University of Wisconsin–Green Bay]].<ref>{{Cite web
 |title       = College of Menominee Nation – Native American College, Tribal College, Wisconsin – Come join us!
 |access-date  = 2013-09-07
 |url         = http://www.menominee.edu/
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130901010045/http://www.menominee.edu/
 |archive-date = 2013-09-01
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| title = UW-Green Bay to offer Menominee language course for students, community
| work = UW-Green Bay Inside
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2012-08-22
| url = http://news.uwgb.edu/log-news/releases/08/22/menominee-language-course-1212/
| archive-date = 2012-11-06
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121106035129/http://news.uwgb.edu/log-news/releases/08/22/menominee-language-course-1212/
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

In 2012, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay|Catholic Diocese of Green Bay]] issued an apology to "a seventh-grader who was punished after using her native Menominee language in the classroom" in [[Shawano, Wisconsin]].<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Associated Press
| title = Green Bay diocese apologizes to student punished for using native Menominee language
| work = TwinCities.com
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2012-02-28
| url = http://www.twincities.com/wisconsin/ci_20061212
| archive-date = 2024-05-26
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526093624/https://mng-prod.auth0.com/authorize?client_id=b2VJyCeVEGLUoCJIFjUPo8Xqi2Pde1JW&audience=access-extension&scope=openid%20profile%20email%20offline_access&response_type=code&response_mode=web_message&state=ZzViLVhvMWIxS2h%2BREREZ0NNdUdpd3ZoTFhhLjhLLkFWb2h2dGFEWUd0ZQ%3D%3D&nonce=dGJCNUc5U0J6V3A2S1BiT0RDYU5faEItd0tzcG04akFFWldlNDZxamg5VQ%3D%3D&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com&code_challenge=A959CYqiBcko7FutWLKEeT86OO32VvbcjZNx26_S9vs&code_challenge_method=S256&prompt=none&auth0Client=eyJuYW1lIjoiYXV0aDAtc3BhLWpzIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjEuMTMuNiJ9
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last = Rickert
| first = Levi
| title = Menominee 7th Grader Suspended for Saying I Love You in Native Language
| work = NativeNewsNetwork
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2012-02-03
| url = http://www.nativenewsnetwork.com/menominee-seventh-grader-suspended-for-saying-i-love-you-in-her-native-language.html
| archive-date = 2013-07-29
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729162031/http://www.nativenewsnetwork.com/menominee-seventh-grader-suspended-for-saying-i-love-you-in-her-native-language.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

As of 2013, there are "six or seven people ... able to be conversational in the language," according to an article on the Menominee Place Names Map, a collaborative project at the [[University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point]].<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Vine
| first = Nathan
| title = Map project promotes tribal history
| work = Appleton Post-Crescent
| access-date = 2013-09-07
| date = 2013-08-25
| url = http://www.postcrescent.com/article/20130825/APC0101/308250335/Map-project-promotes-Menominee-tribal-history-video-story-?gcheck=1
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130907124226/http://www.postcrescent.com/article/20130825/APC0101/308250335/Map-project-promotes-Menominee-tribal-history-video-story-?gcheck=1
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = September 7, 2013
}}</ref>