Editing Meristem (section)

==Primary meristems==
Apical meristems, also known as the primary meristem, give rise to the primary plant body and are responsible for [[primary growth]], or an increase in length or height.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Baucher |first1=Marie |last2=AlmJaziri |first2=Mondher |last3=Vandeputte |first3=Olivier |title=From primary to secondary growth: origin and development of the vascular system |url=https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/58/13/3485/492345 |access-date=2023-03-18 |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|date=2007 |volume=58 |issue=13 |pages=3485–3501 |doi=10.1093/jxb/erm185 |pmid=17898423 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Tognetti |first1=Vanesa B. |last2=Bielach |first2=Agnieszka |last3=Hrtyan |first3=Mónika |date=October 2017 |title=Redox regulation at the site of primary growth: auxin, cytokinin and ROS crosstalk: Apical meristems plasticity in response to stress |journal=Plant, Cell & Environment |language=en |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=2586–2605 |doi=10.1111/pce.13021 |pmid=28708264 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Apical meristems may differentiate into three kinds of primary meristem:
* Protoderm: lies around the outside of the stem and develops into the [[Epidermis (botany)|epidermis]].
* Procambium: lies just inside of the protoderm and develops into primary [[xylem]] and primary [[phloem]]. It also produces the [[vascular cambium]], and [[cork cambium]] (part of the secondary meristems but descendants of apical meristematic cells). The cork cambium further differentiates into the [[phelloderm]], or bark, (to the inside) and the [[phellem]], or cork (to the outside). All three of these layers (cork cambium, phellem, and phelloderm) constitute the [[periderm]]. In roots, the procambium can also give rise to the [[pericycle]], which produces [[Lateral root|lateral roots]] in [[eudicots]].<ref name="Evert, Ray 2013">Evert, Ray, and Susan Eichhorn. Raven Biology of Plants. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Print.</ref>
* Ground meristem: Composed of [[Ground tissue#Parenchyma|ground tissue parenchyma]], [[collenchyma]] and [[sclerenchyma]] cells<ref name="Evert, Ray 2013" /> that develop into the [[Cortex (botany)|cortex]] and the [[pith]].