Editing Metropolis–Hastings algorithm (section)

==History==
The algorithm is named in part for [[Nicholas Metropolis]], the first coauthor of a 1953 paper, entitled ''[[Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines]]'', with [[Arianna W. Rosenbluth]], [[Marshall Rosenbluth]], [[Augusta H. Teller]] and [[Edward Teller]]. For many years the algorithm was known simply as the ''Metropolis algorithm''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kalos |first1=Malvin H. |title=Monte Carlo Methods Volume I: Basics |last2=Whitlock |first2=Paula A. |publisher=Wiley |year=1986 |location=New York |pages=78–88}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tierney |first=Luke |date=1994 |title=Markov chains for exploring posterior distributions |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-22/issue-4/Markov-Chains-for-Exploring-Posterior-Distributions/10.1214/aos/1176325750.full |journal=The Annals of Statistics |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=1701–1762|doi=10.1214/aos/1176325750 }}</ref> The paper proposed the algorithm for the case of symmetrical proposal distributions, but in 1970, [[W.K. Hastings]] extended it to the more general case.<ref name=Hastings/> The generalized method was eventually identified by both names, although the first use of the term "Metropolis-Hastings algorithm" is unclear.

Some controversy exists with regard to credit for development of the Metropolis algorithm. Metropolis, who was familiar with the computational aspects of the method, had coined the term "Monte Carlo" in an earlier article with [[Stanisław Ulam]], and led the group in the Theoretical Division that designed and built the [[MANIAC I]] computer used in the experiments in 1952. However, prior to 2003 there was no detailed account of the algorithm's development. Shortly before his death, [[Marshall Rosenbluth]] attended a 2003 conference at LANL marking the 50th anniversary of the 1953 publication. At this conference, Rosenbluth described the algorithm and its development in a presentation titled "Genesis of the Monte Carlo Algorithm for Statistical Mechanics".<ref name=Rosenbluth/> Further historical clarification is made by Gubernatis in a 2005 journal article<ref name=Gubernatis/> recounting the 50th anniversary conference. Rosenbluth makes it clear that he and his wife Arianna did the work, and that Metropolis played no role in the development other than providing computer time.

This contradicts an account by Edward Teller, who states in his memoirs that the five authors of the 1953 article worked together for "days (and nights)".<ref name=Teller/> In contrast, the detailed account by Rosenbluth credits Teller with a crucial but early suggestion to "take advantage of [[statistical mechanics]] and take ensemble averages instead of following detailed [[kinematics]]". This, says Rosenbluth, started him thinking about the generalized Monte Carlo approach – a topic which he says he had discussed often with [[John von Neumann|John Von Neumann]]. Arianna Rosenbluth recounted (to Gubernatis in 2003) that Augusta Teller started the computer work, but that Arianna herself took it over and wrote the code from scratch. In an oral history recorded shortly before his death,<ref name=Barth/> Rosenbluth again credits Teller with posing the original problem, himself with solving it, and Arianna with programming the computer.