Editing Michael Armacost (section)

==Life and career==
Armacost was born in [[Ohio]] on April 15, 1937.<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title=Former US Ambassador to Japan Michael Armacost dies at 87 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20250313_11/ |access-date=13 March 2025 |publisher=NHK World Japan |date=13 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATgzo8jnNtYC&q=%22Armacost,+Michael+Hayden%22+AND+%221937%22|title = The International Who's Who, 1989–90|year = 1989| publisher=Europa Publications Limited |isbn = 9780946653508}}</ref>

In the 1960s, Armacost taught international relations and foreign policy at [[Pomona College]].<ref name="Shorenstein">{{cite news |title=Faculty Spotlight: Michael Armacost |url=https://aparc.fsi.stanford.edu/news/faculty-spotlight-michael-armacost |accessdate=July 29, 2020 |work=aparc.fsi.stanford.edu |date=October 29, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

Armacost was a [[White House Fellow]] in 1969–1970. Founded in 1964, the White House Fellowship is one of America’s most prestigious programs for leadership and public service. The Fellowship, awarded on a strictly non-partisan basis, offers exceptional young leaders first-hand experience working at the highest levels of federal government. 

In January 1977, Armacost was selected as a member of the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] to handle [[East Asian]] and [[China|Chinese]] affairs under the [[Carter administration]] until July 1978, when he was replaced by [[Nicholas Platt]]. Years later, he was appointed to be the [[United States Ambassador to Japan]] from 1989 to 1993, [[Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs]] from 1984 to 1989, and [[United States Ambassador to the Philippines]] from 1982 to 1984, during a critical period of political upheaval during the [[Ferdinand Marcos]] presidency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF_Stories/Bird/Bird02/Bird.html |title=Inside the Manila Embassy |publisher=Kai Bird |accessdate=November 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009014056/http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF_Stories/Bird/Bird02/Bird.html |archivedate=October 9, 2009 }}</ref>

Armacost served as Acting [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] from January 20, 1989, to January 25, 1989. Between 1995 and 2002, he served as president of the [[Brookings Institution]].

Armacost had received the President's Distinguished Service Award, the Defense Department's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, and the Secretary of State's Distinguished Services Award.

Armacost was the author of three books, the most recent of which, ''Friends or Rivals?'', was published in 1996 and draws on his tenure as ambassador. He also co-edited, with Daniel Okimoto, ''The Future of America's Alliances in Northeast Asia'', published in 2004 by [[Stanford University|Stanford]] Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Future of America's Alliances in Northeast Asia |url=https://fsi9-prod.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/1_introduction_future_of_americas_alliances.pdf |access-date=September 8, 2023}}</ref> Armacost has served on numerous corporate and nonprofit boards, including [[TRW Inc.|TRW]], [[AFLAC]], [[Applied Materials]], [[USEC]], Inc., [[Cargill]], Inc, [[Carleton College]], and [[The Asia Foundation]].

Armacost received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[international relations]] (1958) and an honorary degree<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Trustees - Carleton College |url=http://apps.carleton.edu/trustees/}}</ref> (1989) from Carleton College. He was an international fellow of the [[School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University]] in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2006 |title=The Regional Institutes and the International Fellows Program |url=https://sipa.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/SIPA-News-June-2006.pdf |access-date=September 3, 2021 |website=SIPA News}}</ref> He earned his Ph.D. from [[Columbia University]] in 1965. 

Armacost was a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} He was chairman of Carleton College's board of trustees from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Carleton Announces New Board of Trustees Chair, Members - Carleton College |url=https://www.carleton.edu/news/stories/carleton-announces-new-board-of-trustees-chair-members/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.carleton.edu |language=en-US}}</ref>

Armacost died at his home near San Francisco, on March 8, 2025, at the age of 87.<ref name="obit"/>