Editing Mighty Mouse (section)

==History==

===Super Mouse===
The character originated in 1942 from an idea by animator Isadore Klein at the [[Terrytoons]] studio, who suggested a parody/homage to the popular ''[[Superman]]'' character, making some sketches of a superhero fly. [[Paul Terry (cartoonist)|Paul Terry]], the head of the studio, liked the idea but suggested a mouse rather than an insect.<ref name=terry-ch18>{{cite book |last1=Hamonic |first1=W. Gerald |title=Terrytoons: The Story of Paul Terry and His Classic Cartoon Factory |date=2018 |publisher=John Libbey Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-0861967292 |pages=207–223 |chapter=Here I Come to Save the Day!: The Mouse that Saved a Cartoon Studio, 1942-1945}}</ref>

The character was dubbed "Super Mouse", and his first theatrical short, ''The Mouse of Tomorrow'', debuted on October 16, 1942.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/110/mode/2up |pages=110–111}}</ref>

In his book ''Of Mice and Magic'', critic [[Leonard Maltin]] describes the character's origin story:

{{Blockquote|Cats of the city have imposed a reign of terror on the rodent community. The mice have barely a chance to live in peace, with endless traps and clever feline footwork sealing their doom. One mouse manages to escape from a particularly hungry cat and runs for shelter into an enormous supermarket. He examines the goods on the long lines of shelves and sets to work on a total transformation: He bathes in Super Soap, swallows Super Soup, munches Super Celery and plunges head first into an enormous piece of Super Cheese -- from which he emerges in a flash as Super Mouse! He's no longer a tiny rodent, but a two-footed, humanized mouse with a massive chest and powerful biceps. His costume is like Superman's, with a flowing red cape, and his powers are similar, too: He can fly through the air and repel bullets with his chest. Super Mouse soars to the rescue of his fellow mice and dispatches the neighborhood cats to the moon. Returning to earth, he is hoisted on the shoulders of his happy comrades, as the narrator declares, "Thus ends the adventure of Super Mouse... he seen his job and he done it!"<ref name=magic>{{cite book|last1=Maltin|first1=Leonard|title=Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons|date=1987|publisher=Plume Books|location=New York|isbn=0-452-25993-2|pages=141–147|edition=Revised}}</ref>}}

The trade journal ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' said ''The Mouse of Tomorrow'' "just misses being outstanding, mainly because of faulty narration and too much kidding of Superman. Idea of super-rat conquering prowling beasts of feline world is good, but too closely follows pattern of that super hero."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Mouse of Tomorrow |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=December 2, 1942 |page=8 |url=https://archive.org/details/variety148-1942-12/page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>

Super Mouse (and his later alias, Mighty Mouse) was originally voiced by Roy Halee Sr., a tenor who often sang on radio and first started doing cartoon voices for [[John Randolph Bray|J. R. Bray]]'s studio. In the operatic melodramas to follow, Halee and his quartet provided all of the vocals.<ref name=terry-ch18/>

In Super Mouse's next film, he spoofed the popular [[Universal Monsters]] films (''Frankenstein's Cat'', 1942). In ''Pandora's Box'' (1943), he battled bat-winged cat demons, and his origin story was changed: now he becomes Super Mouse by eating vitamins A through Z.<ref name=terry-ch18/> The hero made seven films in 1942–1943 before his name was changed.

===Mighty Mouse: rename and redesign===
[[File:Mighty Mouse (original blue version).png|thumb|upright|left|Mighty Mouse, as the character originally appeared, wearing a costume reminiscent of Superman's.]]
In 1944, Paul Terry learned that another character named "Super Mouse" was to be published in [[Standard Comics]]' ''Coo-Coo Comics'', so his character's name was changed to Mighty Mouse.<ref name=toon>{{cite web |last1=Markstein |first1=Don |title=Supermouse, the Big Cheese |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/suprmous.htm |website=Toonopedia |access-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> The first short under the character's new name was ''The Wreck of the Hesperus'', released February 11, 1944, adapting [[The Wreck of the Hesperus|the celebrated poem]] by [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] with the addition of a superhero mouse. A couple months later, the studio spoofed another classic, [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s ''[[Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde]]'', under the title ''Mighty Mouse Meets Jeckyll and Hyde Cat''.

By summer, Mighty Mouse's costume got an overhaul as well. Until this point, he'd been wearing Superman's colors—a blue costume with a red cape—but in the June 16, 1944, cartoon ''Eliza on the Ice'', Mighty Mouse appears for the first time in a red costume, with a yellow cape. This is also the first time that the character was portrayed as living among the stars, hurtling down from the heavens to save the day.<ref name=terry-ch18/>

The final design of the character debuted in the 15th cartoon, ''The Sultan's Birthday'', released on October 13, 1944. In this cartoon, redesigned by animator [[Connie Rasinski]], Mighty Mouse has a fuller figure with an exaggerated upper body, and is clad in a yellow outfit, with a red cape and trunks.<ref name=terry-ch18/>

Like his inspiration, Superman, Mighty Mouse's [[superpower (ability)|superpowers]] are vast and sometimes appear limitless. His main powers include flight, super-strength and invulnerability. The early cartoons often portray him as a ruthless fighter; one of his most frequent tactics is to fly under an enemy's chin and let loose a volley of blows, subduing the opponent through sheer physical punishment.

However, his powers can vary, depending on the demands of the story; he is sometimes knocked unconscious or rendered temporarily immobile by the villain, only to rise again by the end of the cartoon and save the day. In some films, he uses [[X-ray vision]] and [[psychokinesis]]. He was also able to [[Time travel|turn back time]] in 1946's ''The Johnstown Flood''. Other cartoons, like 1945's ''Krakatoa'', show him leaving a red [[contrail]] during flight that he can manipulate like a band of solid, flexible matter. In several of the cartoons, when Mighty Mouse achieves the impossible feats, the narrator exclaims, first in a normal voice: "What a mouse!!!!!", followed by his louder triumphant voice: "WHAT A MOUSE!!!!!"

In a 1969 interview, Terry said that Mighty Mouse's power had a religious aspect: "When a man is sick, or down, or hurt, you say, 'There's nothing more we can do. It's in God's hand.' And he either survives or he doesn't according to God's plan. Right? So, 'Man's extremity is God's opportunity.' So, taking that as a basis, I'd only have to get the mice in a tough spot and then say, 'Isn't there someone who can help?' 'Yes, there is someone; it's Mighty Mouse!' So, down from the heavens he'd come sailing down and lick the evil spirit, or whatever it was. And everything would be serene again." Biographer W. Gerald Harmonic notes that as of the mid 40s, Mighty Mouse would be pictured living on a star or a cloud, up in the heavens, and that he became "a Christ-like figure, a savior of all 'mouse-kind'."<ref name=terry-ch18/>

While his typical opponents are nondescript cats, Mighty Mouse occasionally battles specific villains, though most appear in only one or two films. Several of the earliest "Super Mouse" films (having been made during [[World War II]]), feature the cats as thinly veiled caricatures of the [[Nazism|Nazis]], hunting down mice and marching them into [[Internment#Concentration camp|concentration camp]]–like traps to what would otherwise be their doom. The Bat-cats, alien cats with bat wings and wheels for feet, appeared in two cartoons; in two others between 1949 and 1950 he faces a huge, dim-witted, but super-strong cat named Julius "Pinhead" Schlabotka (voiced by [[Dayton Allen]]) whose strength rivals Mighty Mouse's. In rare moments, he confronts non-feline adversaries such as human villain Bad Bill Bunion and his horse, or the Automatic Mouse Trap, a brontosaur-shaped robotic monster. In ''The Green Line'' (1944), the cats and the mice live on either side of a green dividing line down the middle of their town's main street. They agree to keep the peace as long as no one crosses it. An evil entity, a [[Satan]] cat, starts the cats and mice fighting. At the end, Mighty Mouse is cheered by mice and cats alike.

===Melodrama spoofs===
In 1945, ''Mighty Mouse and the Pirates'' was the first Mighty Mouse cartoon to feature sung dialogue, in the [[operetta]] style. ''[[Mighty Mouse in Gypsy Life|Gypsy Life]]'' (1945) and ''The Crackpot King'' (1946) followed in the same style.<ref name=terry-ch18/> ''Gypsy Life'' was particularly successful, earning Terry his third nomination for an [[Academy Award]] for Short Subjects (Cartoon).<ref>{{cite web|title=18th Academy Awards|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946 |publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|access-date=May 14, 2012|year=1946}}</ref>

There was a romantic, [[damsel in distress]] element in these cartoons—in each one, Mighty Mouse saves a dark-haired beauty from terrible trouble, and in the latter two, the camera fades out on the hero and the girl in a romantic clinch. While these were very similar to the musical [[melodrama]] spoofs that were soon to emerge, they didn't have an overwrought narrator, or the suggestion that the cartoon is an episode of a continuing story.

In November 1947, ''A Fight to the Finish'' was the first in a series of musical melodrama spoofs, with Mighty Mouse saving damsel in distress Pearl Pureheart (sometimes "Little Nell") from the villainous, mustache-twirling cat Oil Can Harry. Terrytoons revived the concept from their earlier [[Fanny Zilch]] series, a melodrama spoof that ran for seven cartoons from 1933 to 1937. Fanny was constantly tormented by a human version of Oil Can Harry, and protected by her lover, J. Leffingwell Strongheart.

''A Fight to the Finish'' begins with a snatch of [[Cole Porter|Cole Porter's]] song "And The Villain Still Pursued Her", which had also been used as the theme for the Fanny Zilch cartoons. The narrator opens with an urgent recap of the (nonexistent) previous episode: "In our last episode, we left Mighty Mouse at the old Beaver River station. As you remember, folks, he was locked in a desperate struggle with a villain. But on with the story..." Mighty Mouse is engaging in "a fight to the finish" with Oil Can Harry, now a villainous cat with a mustache, a top hat and a big black cloak, voiced by Tom Morrison.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Markstein |first1=Don |title=Oil Can Harry |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/oilcan.htm |website=Don Markstein's Toonopedia |access-date=February 10, 2020}}</ref> The blonde heroine, Pearl Pureheart, is tied up in the other room, but refuses to give up hope. Harry manages to knock out Mighty Mouse, and leaves him tied to the railroad track with a bomb on his head, and the 5:15 train due to pass by. Harry drives Pearl away to his home, where he woos her in song, to no avail. Mighty Mouse manages to blow out the fuse, stop the train and escape from his bonds, and rushes to Pearl's rescue. At Harry's house, they fight with fists, guns and swords, as Pearl slips out the window and onto a passing log which is floating down the river into a mill. Mighty Mouse throws Harry into the river and rushes to rescue Pearl, who's heading for the buzzsaw. The narrator asks, "Is our little heroine doomed to destruction in the sawmill? Will Mighty Mouse arrive in time? See the following episode, next week!" The camera starts to iris out, but then stops, as the narrator relents, "Stop! Gosh, we can't wait until next week. Please, show us what happens, won't you?" Mighty Mouse grabs Pearl in time, and the pair have a brief romantic chorus together as the cartoon delivers a happy ending.

The melodrama spoofs continued as an occasional series over the next six years, with Oil Can Harry and Pearl Pureheart returning in thirteen more cartoons. Another memorable short was 1949's ''The Perils of Pearl Pureheart'', in which Oil Can Harry hypnotizes Pearl into singing "[[Carry Me Back to Old Virginny]]" on stage at an old saloon, where he vacuums up the tips thrown by the audience. Hypnotized for three and a half minutes of the six-minute cartoon, Pearl continues to sing as the battle between Harry and Mighty Mouse rages around her, even underwater.

To vary the formula, the melodramas started traveling to exotic locales, including Italy (''Sunny Italy'', 1951), Switzerland (''Swiss Miss'', 1951), Holland (''Happy Holland'', 1952) and even prehistoric times (''Prehistoric Perils'', 1952) and medieval times (''When Mousehood Was in Flower'', 1953).

The fourteen Oil Can Harry melodrama theatricals were:

* ''A Fight to the Finish'' (1947)
* ''Loves Labor Won'' (1948)
* ''The Mysterious Stranger'' (1948)
* ''Triple Trouble'' (1948)
* ''A Cold Romance'' (1949) 
* ''The Perils of Pearl Pureheart'' (1949)
* ''Stop, Look and Listen'' (1949)
* ''Beauty on the Beach'' (1950)
* ''Sunny Italy'' (1951)
* ''Swiss Miss'' (1951)
* ''Prehistoric Perils'' (1952)
* ''Happy Holland'' (1952)
* ''A Soapy Opera'' (1953)
* ''When Mousehood Was in Flower'' (1953)

===Television===
====''Mighty Mouse Playhouse''====
{{Main | Mighty Mouse Playhouse}}
Mighty Mouse had little theatrical impact, but became Terrytoons' most popular character and a cultural icon on television. In 1955, Paul Terry sold the Terrytoons studio to [[CBS]], which repackaged the theatrical cartoons as a popular Saturday morning show, ''Mighty Mouse Playhouse''. The show aired from December 1955<ref>{{cite book|last=Rodriguez|first=Robert|title=The 1950s' most wanted the top 10 book of rock & roll rebels, Cold War crises, and all-American oddities|year=2006|publisher=Potomac Books|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-1-61234-030-2|url=https://archive.org/details/1950smostwantedt0000rodr|url-access=registration|quote=mighty mouse.|edition=1st|access-date=May 14, 2012|page=[https://archive.org/details/1950smostwantedt0000rodr/page/219 219]}}</ref> through September 1967, using the existing film library. Only three new cartoons were produced after the sale. The final season also included a new feature, entitled ''[[The Mighty Heroes]].''

Tom Morrison of Terrytoons provided the speaking voice of Mighty Mouse in the show's new framing sequences.

The show's theme song was credited on some early [[Gramophone record|records]] to "The Terrytooners, [[Mitch Miller]] and Orchestra". However, writer [[Mark Evanier]] credits a group called The Sandpipers (not the [[The Sandpipers|1960s easy listening group of the same name]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Evanier|first=Mark|title=Sandpiper Stuff|url=http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2004_01_18.html#007948|work=News from Me (Archive)|access-date=March 9, 2013|date=January 18, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524043713/http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2004_01_18.html#007948|archive-date=May 24, 2013}}</ref>

====''The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle''====
{{Main | The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle}}
In 1979&ndash;1980, [[Filmation]] made television cartoons starring Mighty Mouse and fellow Terrytoon characters [[Heckle and Jeckle]] in a show called ''[[The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle]]''. The show introduced two new characters: a vampire duck named Quacula (not to be confused with [[Count Duckula]]), and Oil Can Harry's bumbling, large, but swift-running, henchman Swifty. The show premiered in 1979 and lasted two seasons. In the Filmation series and movie, Mighty Mouse and Oil Can Harry were performed by veteran voice artist [[Alan Oppenheimer]], and Pearl Pureheart was voiced by [[Diane Pershing]]. [[Frank Welker]] played Heckle, Jeckle and Quacula, and [[Norm Prescott]] played Theodore H. Bear.<ref name=Scheimer>{{cite book |last1=Scheimer |first1=Lou |last2= Mangels |first2=Andy |title=Creating the Filmation Generation |date=2012 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |isbn=978-1-60549-044-1 |page=164}}</ref>

Each episode included two traditional ''Mighty Mouse'' cartoons, as well as an episode of a Mighty Mouse science-fiction serial, "The Great Space Chase". The hour was rounded out with two ''Heckle & Jeckle'' cartoons and one ''Quacula'' cartoon, plus short bumpers with tips about safety and the environment. The total cartoons produced for the series were 32 ''Mighty Mouse'' cartoons, 32 ''Heckle & Jeckle'' cartoons, 16 episodes of "The Great Space Chase" and 16 ''Quacula'' cartoons.<ref name=Scheimer/>

The "Space Chase" episodes were edited together into a theatrical matinee movie, ''[[Mighty Mouse in the Great Space Chase]]'', which was released on December 10, 1982.

====''Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures''====
{{Main | Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures}}In 1987 and 1988, animation producer [[Ralph Bakshi]] (who began his career at Terrytoons in the late 1950s and worked on the last Mighty Mouse shorts filmed by that company) created a new series of Mighty Mouse cartoons entitled ''[[Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures]]'' for the [[CBS]] Saturday morning children's lineup. In this series, Mighty Mouse has a real identity, Mike Mouse (both identities voiced by [[Patrick Pinney]]), and a sidekick, [[Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures#Cast|Scrappy Mouse]] (voiced by actress [[Dana Hill]]), the little orphan. Though a children's cartoon, its heavy [[Satire|satirical]] tone, risqué humor and adult jokes made the Bakshi Mighty Mouse series a [[Collectable|collector's item]] for collectors of older television series.

The best-remembered episode of this series featured a crossover with Mighty Mouse and another Bakshi creation, the Mighty Heroes (Strong Man, Tornado Man, Rope Man, Cuckoo Man and Diaper Man). In the 1988 episode "Heroes and Zeroes", the Mighty Heroes were middle-aged men (except for Diaper Man, who was 36) and were all accountants with the firm of Man, Man, Man, Man, and Man.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hero-A-Go-Go: Campy Comic Books, Crimefighters, & Culture of the Swinging Sixties|first=Michael|last=Eury|publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing|year=2017|page=117|isbn=9781605490731}}</ref>

====Later years====
[[Marvel Comics]] produced a 10-issue comic book series (set in the ''New Adventures'' [[Continuity (fiction)|continuity]]) in 1990 and 1991. Since then, little else new has been produced using the Mighty Mouse character except for a 2001 "The power of cheese" television commercial.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Power of Cheese, Mighty Mouse|url=http://adland.tv/commercials/cheese-mighty-mouse-2001-030-usa|publisher=America's Dairy Farmers|access-date=May 11, 2012|year=2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403115609/https://adland.tv/commercials/cheese-mighty-mouse-2001-030-usa|archive-date=April 3, 2015}}</ref> That commercial shows Mighty Mouse dining calmly on cheese in a restaurant, utterly unconcerned with a scene of chaos and terror visibly unfolding in the street outside. The commercial was later removed from air following the [[September 11 attacks]].

The character appeared in the 1999 pilot ''Curbside'', voiced by [[Dee Bradley Baker]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/101602-Curbside|title=Curbside (Nickelodeon)|last=DataBase|first=The Big Cartoon|website=Big Cartoon DataBase (BCDB)|language=en-US|access-date=November 28, 2018}}{{dead link|date=January 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Until 2019, the rights to Mighty Mouse were divided as a result of the 2006 corporate split of [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] (the former owner of the Terrytoons franchise) into two separate companies. CBS Operations (a unit of the [[CBS Corporation]]) owns the ancillary rights and trademarks to the character, while Paramount Home Entertainment/[[CBS Home Entertainment]] holds home video rights. The first official release of Mighty Mouse material has been announced and what is now [[CBS Media Ventures]] has television syndication rights (the shorts are currently out of circulation). On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom re-merged into a single entity, ViacomCBS (now [[Paramount Global]]), officially reuniting the rights to Mighty Mouse under the same company.

In 2017, during his 75th anniversary, Mighty Mouse made his return with a 5-issue comic book series produced by [[Dynamite Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://comicsalliance.com/dynamite-mighty-mouse-fisch-lima/|last=Collins|first=Elle|title=Here He Comes: Dynamite Unveils New 'Mighty Mouse' Comic|website=[[ComicsAlliance]]|date=March 28, 2017|access-date=July 28, 2024}}</ref>

===Feature film adaptation===
As early as 2004, [[Paramount Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]] announced their intention to bring Mighty Mouse back to the motion picture screen with a [[computer-generated imagery|CGI]] Mighty Mouse feature film that was tentatively scheduled to be released some time in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mighty Mouse on again at Paramount|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/mighty-mouse-on-again-at-paramount.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=May 11, 2012|first=Jerry|last=Beck|date=April 16, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721220306/http://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/mighty-mouse-on-again-at-paramount.html|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref>

In April 2019, Jon and Erich Hoeber signed on to script the film for [[Paramount Animation]] while [[Karen Rosenfelt]] (''[[Wonder Park]]'') and Robert Cort (''[[Terminator Genisys]]'') are set to produce. The film will be a live action/animated production.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2019/04/mighty-mouse-movie-paramount-animation-jon-hoeber-erich-hoeber-writing-meg-1202592891/ Here They Come, To Save The Day: Jon & Erich Hoeber To Script ‘Mighty Mouse’ For Paramount Animation]</ref> In November 2024, it was announced [[Matt Lieberman]] took over as the writer for the film with [[Ryan Reynolds]] as the producer and the voice of Mighty Mouse.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/11/mighty-mouse-soars-to-the-big-screen-at-last-at-paramount-with-ryan-reynolds-scoob-writer/|title=Paramount's 'Mighty Mouse' Soars to the Big Screen at Last with Ryan Reynolds & 'Scoob!' Writer|website=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=November 25, 2024|access-date=November 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/ryan-reynolds-free-guy-writer-matt-lieberman-mighty-mouse-movie-1236221984/?fbclid=IwY2xjawG2HEhleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHSPxbxiLk7yOrh2SFZ0Y0nIDhiVJB9BOea0S2yAYaN-8Gnx9nHcE5mqG9w_aem_v6m8am45_I7y2SLZ47gnPg|last=Lang|first=Brent|title=Ryan Reynolds' Maximum Effort, 'Free Guy' Writer Matt Lieberman Team With Paramount Animation for 'Mighty Mouse' Movie (EXCLUSIVE)|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=November 25, 2024|access-date=November 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/ryan-reynolds-mighty-mouse-movie-plan-deadpool-and-wolverine-good-op-ed/|last=Gibbons|first=Ben|title=Ryan Reynolds Reviving An 82-Year-Old Cartoon Superhero Is Great After Deadpool & Wolverine (& His $450M Role From 5 Years Ago)|website=[[Screen Rant]]|date=November 29, 2024|access-date=November 29, 2024}}</ref>