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Mingrelian language
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==Distribution and status== [[File:Mingrelian language map - en.svg|thumb|Mingrelian-speaking population.]] No reliable figure exists for the number of native speakers of Mingrelian, but it is estimated to be between 300,000 and 500,000. Most speakers live in the [[Mingrelia]] (or Samegrelo and formerly [[Odishi]]) region of Georgia, which comprises the [[Odishi Hills]] and the [[Colchis Lowland|Colchis Lowlands]], from the [[Black Sea]] coast to the [[Svan Mountains]] and the [[Tskhenistskali River]]. Smaller enclaves existed in [[Abkhazia]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Georgia|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5253.htm|website=U.S. Department of State|access-date=9 April 2016|location=First paragraph, third sentence|quote=The United States supports Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders, and does not recognize the Abkhazia and South Ossetia regions of Georgia, currently occupied by Russia, as independent.}}</ref> but the ongoing civil unrest there has displaced many Mingrelian speakers to other regions of Georgia. Their geographical distribution is relatively compact, which has helped to promote the transmission of the language between generations. Mingrelian is generally written in the [[Georgian alphabet]], but it has no written standard or official status. Almost all speakers are bilingual; they use Mingrelian mainly for familiar and informal conversation, and [[Georgian language|Georgian]] (or, for expatriate speakers, the local official language) for other purposes.
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