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Miocene
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==Subdivisions== [[File:Miocene Chart.jpg|thumb|Subdivisions of the Miocene]] The Miocene [[faunal stage]]s from youngest to oldest are typically named according to the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]]:<ref name="ICS-Chart">{{cite web | url=https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2021-10.pdf | title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart | publisher=[[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] | access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sub-epoch ! Faunal stage ! Time range |- | rowspan="2" | [[Late Miocene]] | [[Messinian]] || 7.246β5.333 [[annum|Ma]] |- | [[Tortonian]] || 11.63β7.246 Ma |- | rowspan="2" | [[Middle Miocene]] | [[Serravallian]] || 13.82β11.63 Ma |- | [[Langhian]] || 15.97β13.82 Ma |- | rowspan="2" | [[Early Miocene]] | [[Burdigalian]] || 20.44β15.97 Ma |- | [[Aquitanian age|Aquitanian]] || 23.03β20.44 Ma |} Regionally, other systems are used, based on characteristic land mammals; some of them overlap with the preceding Oligocene and following Pliocene Epochs: {|class=wikitable |+Land Mammal Ages !European!!North American!!South American |- |valign=top| * [[Turolian]] (9.0 to 5.3 Ma) * [[Vallesian]] (11.6 to 9.0 Ma) * [[Astaracian]] (16.0 to 11.6 Ma) * [[Orleanian]] (20.0 to 16.0 Ma) * [[Agenian]] (23.8 to 20.0 Ma) |valign=top| * [[Hemphillian]] (10.3 to 4.9 Ma) * [[Clarendonian]] (13.6 to 10.3 Ma) * [[Barstovian]] (16.3 to 13.6 Ma) * [[Hemingfordian]] (20.6 to 16.3 Ma) * [[Arikareean]] (30.6 to 20.6 Ma) | * [[Montehermosan]] (6.8 to 4.0 Ma) * [[Huayquerian]] (9.0 to 6.8 Ma) * [[Mayoan]] (11.8 to 9.0 Ma) * [[Laventan]] (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) * [[Colloncuran]] (15.5 to 13.8 Ma) * [[Friasian]] (16.3 to 15.5 Ma) * [[Santacrucian]] (17.5 to 16.3 Ma) * [[Colhuehuapian]] (21.0 to 17.5 Ma) |}
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