Editing Missal (section)

==History==
[[File:F. 1r. Sherbrooke Missal.jpg|thumb|A page from the ''Sherbrooke Missal'', one of the earliest surviving missals written in English]]
Before the compilation of such books, several books were used when celebrating Mass. These included the [[gradual]] (texts mainly from the [[Psalms]], with musical notes added), the evangelary or [[gospel book]], the epistolary with texts from other parts of the [[New Testament]], mainly the epistles (letters) of [[Paul of Tarsus|Saint Paul]], and the [[sacramentary]] with the prayers that the priest himself said.{{sfnp|Thurston|1911}}

In high medieval times, when it had become common in the West for priests to say Mass without the assistance of a choir and other ministers, these books began to be combined into a "Mass book" (''missale'' in [[Latin]]), for the priest's use alone. This led to the appearance of the ''missale plenum'' ("full or complete missal"), which contained all the texts of the Mass, but without the music of the choir parts.{{sfnp|Britannica|2017}} Indications of the [[rubric]]s to be followed were also added.

=== Latin Catholicism ===
{{see also|Roman Missal|Divine Worship: The Missal}}
[[File:Seven missals.jpg|thumb|Seven missals from various liturgical families and denominations]]
The [[Roman Missal]] (''Missale Romanum''), published by [[Pope Pius V]] in 1570, eventually replaced the widespread use of different missal traditions by different parts of the church, such as those of [[Troyes]], [[Sarum Rite|Sarum (Salisbury)]], and others. Many [[episcopal see]]s had some local prayers and [[feast day]]s in addition.

At the behest of the [[Second Vatican Council]],{{sfnp|Pope Paul VI|1963|loc=51}} [[Pope Paul VI]] greatly increased the amount of [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]] read at Mass and, to a lesser extent, the prayer formulas. This necessitated a return to having the Scripture readings in a separate book, known as the [[Lectionary]]. A separate [[Book of the Gospels]], with texts extracted from the Lectionary, is recommended, but is not obligatory. The Roman Missal continues to include elaborate rubrics, as well as antiphons etc., which were not in sacramentaries.

The first complete official translation of the Roman Missal into English appeared in 1973, based on the text of 1970. On 28 March 2001, the [[Holy See]] issued the [https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20010507_liturgiam-authenticam_en.html Instruction ''Liturgiam authenticam'']. This included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses. Any adaptation to the characteristics or the nature of the various vernacular languages is to be sober and discreet." The following year, the third typical edition<ref group=note>The "typical edition" of a liturgical text is that to which editions by other publishers must conform.</ref> of the revised Roman Missal in Latin was released.

=== Lutheranism ===
{{further|Lutheran Service Book}}
In Europe, the Lutheran Missal was printed in 1525, in Livonian, Latvian, and Estonian.<ref>{{cite book |title=Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis: Stockholm Slavic studies |date=1976 |publisher=Almquist & Wiksell |language=en |quote=Thus, according to a diarty of the Dean of the Lubeck Cathedral, Brandt, in 1525 a Lutheran Missal was published in three parallel text: in "ordinary Livonian", in Latvian and Estonian.}}</ref>

The development of a Lutheran Missal in the English language is currently underway.<ref name="Gramenz2022">{{cite web |last1=Gramenz |first1=Stefan |title=Lutheran Missal Presentation |url=https://www.gottesdienst.org/gottesblog/2022/10/10/lutheran-missal-presentation |publisher=Gottesdienst |access-date=24 May 2025 |date=11 October 2022}}</ref>

=== Anglicanism ===
{{see also|Anglican Missal|English Missal}}
[[File:The_Anglican_Missal.jpg|thumb|The Anglican Missal sitting on an altar desk in an Anglican parish church]]
Prior to the [[Reformation]], liturgical practice had featured usage of local cathedral missal variations. The most noted of these was the Sarum Use missal, but others including the [[Durham Rite|Durham Use]] missal influenced English liturgical practice. During the [[English Reformation]], the [[Church of England]] separated from the Catholic Church. Characteristic of [[Protestant liturgy]] trends, the Church of England opted to utilize a [[vernacular]] liturgy. [[Thomas Cranmer]] is traditionally credited with leading the production of new liturgical texts, including the [[Book of Common Prayer|1549 ''Book of Common Prayer'']]. The 1549 prayer book and successive versions of the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' would replace both missals and [[breviary|breviaries]] in regular Anglican liturgical practice.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/22/god-talk|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|location=[[New York City]]|author=[[James Wood (critic)|James Wood]]|title=God Talk: The Book of Common Prayer at three hundred and fifty.|date=15 October 2012|access-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110003921/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/22/god-talk|archive-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

As the [[Anglican]] tradition broadened to include modern [[anglo-catholicism]], some Anglicans sought a return to a missal pattern for their liturgical books. In 1921, the [[Society of SS. Peter and Paul|Society of Saints Peter and Paul]] published the [[Anglican Missal]] in Great Britain.{{sfnp|Cavanaugh|2011|p=105}} The Frank Gavin Liturgical Foundation of Mount Sinai published a revised edition in 1961 and the Anglican Parishes Association continues to print it:

{{quote|The first edition of the Anglican Missal was published in London by the Society of Saints Peter and Paul in 1921; the first American edition appeared in 1943, published by the Frank Gavin Liturgical Foundation of Mount Sinai, Long Island, N.Y., and in 1947 a revised edition was published (reprinted in 1961); the publication rights were given (or sold) to the Anglican Parishes Association in the 1970s, which reprinted the 1947 edition.{{sfnp|Cavanaugh|2011|p=105}} }}