Editing Mixture (section)

==Characteristics of mixtures==
All mixtures can be characterized as being separable by mechanical means (e.g. [[wikt:purification|purification]], [[distillation]], [[electrolysis]], [[chromatography]], [[heat]], [[filtration]], [[gravitation]]al sorting, [[centrifugation]]).<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.5744/florida/9780813054254.003.0003 |title=Home Front |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-8130-5425-4 |editor1-last=Pleasants |editor1-first=Julian M |chapter=A Call to Duty: The Selective Service Act of 1940 }}</ref><ref name=mixture>{{Cite encyclopedia| title =Mixture| encyclopedia =The Encyclopedia of Environmental Studies| publisher =Facts on File | year =2001| editor-first=William |editor-last=Ashworth |editor2-first=Charles E. |editor2-last=Little}}</ref> Mixtures differ from chemical compounds in the following ways:
* The substances in a mixture can be separated using physical methods such as filtration, freezing, and distillation.
* There is little or no energy change when a mixture forms (see [[Enthalpy of mixing]]).
*The substances in a mixture keep their separate properties. 
In the example of sand and water, neither one of the two substances changed in any way when they are mixed. Although the sand is in the water it still keeps the same properties that it had when it was outside the water.
* mixtures have variable compositions, while compounds have a fixed, definite formula.
* when mixed, individual substances keep their properties in a mixture, while if they form a compound their properties can change.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemicool.com/definition/mixture.html|title=Definition of mixture - Chemistry Dictionary|website=www.chemicool.com|access-date=2018-11-30}}</ref>

The following table shows the main properties and examples for all possible phase combinations of the three "families" of mixtures :

{| class="wikitable"
|+Mixtures Table
|-
! Dispersion medium (mixture phase) || Dissolved or dispersed phase || Solution || Colloid || Suspension (coarse dispersion)
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Gas]] 
| Gas || Gas mixture: [[air]] ([[oxygen]] and other gases in [[nitrogen]]) || {{CNone|None}} || {{CNone|None}}
|-
 
| Liquid || {{CNone|None}} || Liquid [[aerosol]]:<ref name="PDF1">{{Cite report|url=https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1972/pdf/3104x0577.pdf|title=Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units. Appendix II Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Part I|last=Everett|first=D. H.|date=23 July 1971|publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Division of Physical Chemistry|location=London|access-date=28 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084759/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1972/pdf/3104x0577.pdf|archive-date=28 October 2016}}</ref><br /> [[fog]], [[mist]], [[vapor]], [[hair spray]]s || Spray
|-
 
| Solid || {{CNone|None}} || Solid aerosol:<ref name="PDF1"/><br /> [[smoke]], [[ice cloud]], air [[particulate]]s || [[Dust]]
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Liquid]]
| Gas || [[Solution (chemistry)|Solution]]:<br /> oxygen in [[water]] || Liquid [[foam]]:<br /> [[whipped cream]], [[shaving cream]] || [[Sea foam]], [[beer head]]
|-

| Liquid || Solution:<br /> [[alcoholic beverage]]s || [[Emulsion]]:<br /> [[milk]], [[mayonnaise]], [[hand cream]]  || [[Vinaigrette]] 
|-
 
| Solid || Solution:<br /> [[sugar]] in water || Liquid [[Sol (colloid)|sol]]:<br /> [[pigment]]ed [[ink]], [[blood]] || [[Suspension (chemistry)|Suspension]]:<br /> [[mud]] ([[soil]] particles suspended in water), [[chalk]] powder suspended in water
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Solid]] 
| Gas || Solution:<br /> [[hydrogen]] in [[metal]]s || Solid foam:<br /> [[aerogel]], [[styrofoam]], [[pumice]] || Foam:<br /> dry [[sponge]]
|-

| Liquid || Solution:<br /> [[amalgam (chemistry)|amalgam]] ([[mercury (element)|mercury]] in [[gold]]), [[hexane]] in [[paraffin wax]] || [[Gel]]:<br /> [[agar]], [[gelatin]], [[silicagel]], [[opal]] || Wet sponge
|-

| Solid || Solution:<br /> [[alloy]]s, [[plasticizer]]s in [[plastic]]s || Solid sol:<br /> [[cranberry glass]] || [[Clay]], [[silt]], [[sand]], [[gravel]], [[granite]]
|}