Editing MoMA PS1 (section)

==History==
[[File:Ps1-skyline.jpg|thumb|300px|right|MoMA PS1 with Manhattan skyline in background]]
[[File:Canopy P.S.1.4.jpg|thumb|upright|Architectural installation ''Canopy'' by nARCHITECTS from summer 2004]]
[[File:Emergency room.jpg|thumb|right|''Format Emergency Room'' by Thierry Geoffroy, February/March 2007]]

===Founding===
What would become MoMA PS1 was founded in 1971 by [[Alanna Heiss]] as the Institute for Art and Urban Resources Inc.,<ref name="MoMA PS1">{{cite web |title=Profile |url=http://momaps1.org/about/ |website=MoMA PS1 |quote="MoMA PS1 was founded in 1971 by Alanna Heiss as the Institute for Art and Urban Resources Inc."|access-date=July 17, 2018}}</ref> an organization with the mission of turning abandoned, underutilized buildings in New York City into artist studios and exhibition spaces.

Recognizing that New York was a worldwide magnet for contemporary artists, and believing that traditional museums were not providing adequate exhibition opportunities for site-specific art, in 1971 Heiss established a formal, alternative arts organization with architecture/theater critic [[Brendan Gill]] called The Institute for Art and Urban Resources, and began renovating abandoned buildings in New York City.

In 1976, Heiss opened the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in a deserted Romanesque Revival public school building, significantly increasing the organization's exhibition and studio capacity. This building, dating from 1892, served as the first school in Long Island City until 1963, when the First Ward school it housed was closed due to low attendance and the building was turned into a warehouse.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5-UCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24 | title=Long Island City | page=24 | magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] | via=[[Google Books]] | date=August 11, 1980 | access-date=January 1, 2013 }}</ref>

In October 1997, P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center reopened to the public after a three-year, $8.5 million renovation project designed by Los Angeles-based architecture firm Frederick Fisher & Partners.<ref name="Louie">{{cite news |last1=Louie |first1=Elaine |title=CURRENTS; THE NEW P.S. 1: CONTEMPORARY ART, BUT THE BUILDING'S THE STAR |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/02/garden/currents-the-new-ps-1-contemporary-art-but-the-building-s-the-star.html |access-date=July 17, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=October 2, 1997}}</ref><ref name="Carol Vogel 1999">Carol Vogel (February 2, 1999), [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/02/arts/a-museum-merger-the-modern-meets-the-ultramodern.html A Museum Merger: The Modern Meets The Ultramodern] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">[[Roberta Smith]] (October 31, 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/31/arts/art-review-more-spacious-and-gracious-yet-still-funky-at-heart.html Art Review: More Spacious and Gracious, Yet Still Funky at Heart] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> The building's facilities were increased from {{convert|84,000|to|125,000|sqft}} in order to include a large outdoor gallery, a dramatic entryway, and a two-story project space.

===Affiliation with the Museum of Modern Art===
In February 1999, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center and the Museum of Modern Art announced their impending institutional merger, which was planned to take 10 years and was designed to preserve P.S. 1 as a center of independent experimentation and exploration. MoMA PS1 and the [[Museum of Modern Art]] formalized their affiliation in January 2000.<ref name="MoMA PS1"/> New York City, which owns the MoMA PS1 building, endorsed the merger.<ref name="Carol Vogel 1999"/> 

The principal objective of MoMA's partnership with MoMA PS1 is to promote the enjoyment, appreciation, study, and understanding of contemporary art to a wide and growing audience. Collaborative programs of exhibitions, educational activities, and special projects allow both institutions to draw on their respective strengths and resources and to continue shaping a cultural discourse. The two institutions also integrated their development, education, marketing, financial planning and membership departments.<ref name="Carol Vogel 1999"/> 

To mark the 10th anniversary of the merger between the former P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center and MoMA, the museum changed its name to '''MoMA PS1''' in 2010.<ref>Carol Vogel (April 29, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/30/arts/design/30vogel.html Tweaking a Name in Long Island City] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>

===Later development===
In 2008, following the completion of a 10-year merger process with MoMA, Alana Heiss retired as director of P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center after 36 years.<ref name="Museum of Modern Art {{!}} MoMA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/research-and-learning/research-resources/archives/ps1_chronology|title=Museum of Modern Art {{!}} MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|access-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> In 2009, [[Klaus Biesenbach]] was named Director of the renamed MoMA PS1. Biesenbach had first joined at PS1 as a curator in 1997, and subsequently held the positions of Curator in MoMA's Department of Film and Media and Chief Curator of MoMA's Department of Media and Performance Art.<ref name="Museum of Modern Art {{!}} MoMA"/> Biesenbach left the museum for the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles|Museum of Contemporary Art]] in Los Angeles in July 2018,<ref name="artn">{{cite news |title=MoMA PS1's Klaus Biesenbach, a Champion of the Avant-Garde and Celebrities Alike, Will Now Lead MOCA LA |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/klaus-biesenbach-director-la-moca-1326776 |access-date=September 11, 2018 |work=artnet news |last=Cascone |first=Sarah |date=July 31, 2018}}</ref> leaving the museum temporarily without a director.<ref name="www.wsj.com_2020_V">{{Citation| last=Passy| first=Charles| date= August 1, 2018| title      =Longtime Director's Exit Leaves Big Void at MoMA PS1 in Queens| work= [[The Wall Street Journal]]| url        =https://www.wsj.com/articles/longtime-directors-exit-leaves-big-void-at-moma-ps1-in-queens-1533165342| access-date  =June 26, 2020}}</ref> 

In November 2018,<ref name="www.artnews.com_2020_N">{{Citation| last=Greenberger| first=Alex| date= November 18, 2018| title='Management Should Be Ashamed': MoMA PS1 Installers and Maintenance Workers' Union Protests Pay Rates| work  =[[ARTnews]] | url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/management-ashamed-moma-ps1-installers-maintenance-workers-union-protests-pay-rates-11371/| access-date  =June 26, 2020}}</ref> MoMA PS1 art handlers demonstrated outside the museum to earn the same pay as similar workers at MoMA in Manhattan,<ref name="www.nytimes.com_2020_E">{{Citation| last=Moynihan| first=Colin| date= December 6, 2018| title=Art Handlers at MoMA PS1 Demand Same Pay as Manhattan Colleagues| work=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/06/arts/design/art-handlers-ps-1-moma.html| access-date=June 26, 2020}}</ref> and in March 2019, the museum paid a settlement with a curator who accused the museum of rescinding a job offer due to pregnancy.<ref name="www.nytimes.com_2019_D">{{Citation| last       =Ryzik| first=Melena| date= March 26, 2019| title=MoMA PS1 Settles With Curator Who Said Giving Birth Cost Her Job Offer| work  =[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/arts/design/moma-ps1-settles-with-curator-who-said-giving-birth-cost-her-job-offer.html| access-date  =June 26, 2020}}</ref><ref name="www.artnet.com_2019_D">{{Citation| last=Cascone| first=Sarah| date= March 27, 2019| title=MoMA PS1 Settles With Curator Who Accused the Museum of Pregnancy Discrimination| publisher  =[[Artnet]] | url        =https://news.artnet.com/art-world/nikki-columbus-moma-ps1-settlement-1500085| access-date  =June 25, 2020}}</ref> In June 2019, Kate Fowle was announced as the museum's new director.<ref name="Pogrebin">Robin Pogrebin (June 26, 2019), [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/26/arts/design/kate-fowle-moma-ps1-director.html MoMA PS1 Looks to Moscow to Hire New Director] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> In November 2019, a new restaurant opened in the museum.<ref name="www.timeout.com_2020_E">{{Citation| last       =Orlow| first      =Emma| date       = November 13, 2019| title      =Mina's, opening at MoMA PS1, joins New York's museum café evolution| work  =[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] | url        =https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/minas-opening-at-moma-ps1-joins-new-yorks-museum-cafe-evolution-111319| access-date  =June 26, 2020}}</ref>

Following a longer than initially expected closure for the coronavirus pandemic,<ref name="www.patch.com_2020_B">{{Citation| last       =Kaufman| first      =Maya| date       = March 13, 2020| title      =MoMA PS1 Temporarily Closes, Citing Coronavirus Regulations| publisher  =[[Patch.com]] | url        =https://patch.com/new-york/astoria-long-island-city/moma-ps1-temporarily-closes-citing-coronavirus-regulations| access-date  =June 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="www.archpaper.com_2020_C">{{Citation| last       =Hilburg| first      =Jonathan| date       = March 13, 2020| title      =Met, MoMA, and more go dark over coronavirus concerns| work       =[[The Architect's Newspaper]] | url        =https://archpaper.com/2020/03/met-moma-shut-down-coronavirus-concerns/| access-date  =June 26, 2020}}</ref> on April 13, 2020, MoMA PS1 told its employees there would be furloughs due to the museum facing its "most serious financial crisis" ever, with impact to be felt "for years to come," according to director Kate Fowle. 70% of the museum's workforce was furloughed, leaving 17 employees working at the museum.<ref name="www.artnews.com_2020_b">{{Citation| last       =Greenberger| first      =Alex| date       = April 21, 2020| title      =Facing Its 'Most Serious Financial Crisis' Ever, MoMA PS1 Furloughs More Than 70 Percent of Workers| work  =[[ARTnews]] | url        =https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/moma-ps1-furloughs-pay-cuts-coronavirus-1202684419/| access-date  =April 21, 2020}}</ref> During the [[George Floyd protests in New York City]] in June 2020, the museum and the [[Brooklyn Museum]] were the only two major art institutions to participate in the Open Your Lobby initiative, which asks businesses to provide protestors with shelter or resources.<ref name="www.url.com_2020_A">{{Citation| last=Holmes| first=Helen| date= June 16, 2020| title=NYC Performance Spaces Have Stepped Up to Help Protesters, and Museums Should Too| work=[[The New York Observer|Observer]] | url=https://observer.com/2020/06/open-your-lobby-initiative-protesters-brooklyn-museum/| access-date  =June 25, 2020}}</ref>