Editing Model village (section)

==Great Britain and Ireland==
[[File:Houses on Greendale Avenue, Port Sunlight.jpg|thumb|An example of houses at [[Port Sunlight]].]]
[[File:BirminghamBournvilleShops.jpg|thumb|200px|Typical local shopping parade in [[Bournville]] village]]
According to Jeremy Burchardt, the term model village was first used by the [[Victorian era|Victorians]] to describe the new settlements created on the rural estates of the [[landed gentry]] in the eighteenth century. As landowners sought to improve their estates for aesthetic reasons, new landscapes were created and the cottages of the poor were demolished and rebuilt out of sight of their [[country house]] vistas.{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=58|ps= "Model villages, as their name implies, were rural in origin, and can be traced back to the eighteenth century (although the phrase itself was a Victorian coinage, reflecting the mid-nineteenth-century emphasis on the model village as an example set to other builders, architects and landlords."). Initially the main impetus to model village building came from the desire of landowners to improve and embellish their estates. The fundamental aim was aesthetic; social considerations were marginal or even absent.}} However, according to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' (2024), the first use of the term model village is post-Victorian, dating to 1906.

Starting in the 18th century, new villages were created at [[Nuneham Courtenay]] when the village was rebuilt as plain brick dwellings either side of the main road, at [[Milton Abbas]] the village was moved and rebuilt in a rustic style and [[Blaise Hamlet]] in  Bristol had individually designed buildings, some with thatched roofs.{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=59|ps=none}}

The [[Swing Riots]] of 1830 highlighted poor housing in the countryside, ill health and immorality and landowners had a responsibility to provide cottages with basic sanitation. The best landlords provided accommodation but many adopted a paternalistic attitude when they built model dwellings and imposed their own standards on the tenants charging low rents but paying low wages.{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=60|ps=none}}

As the [[Industrial Revolution]] took hold, industrialists who built factories in rural locations provided housing for workers clustered around the workplace. An early example of an industrial model village was [[New Lanark]] built by [[Robert Owen]].{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=61|ps=none}} Philanthropic coal owners provided decent accommodation for miners from the early nineteenth century. [[Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam|Earl Fitzwilliam]], a paternalistic colliery owner provided houses near his coal pits in [[Elsecar]] near Barnsley that were "...of a class superior in size and arrangement, and in conveniences attached, to those of working classes."{{sfn|Thornes|1994|p=78|ps=none}} They had four rooms and a pantry, and outside a small garden and pig sty.{{sfn|Thornes|1994|p=79|ps=none}}

Others were established by [[Edward Akroyd]] at [[Copley, West Yorkshire|Copley]] between 1849 and 1853 and [[Akroydon]] 1861-63. Akroyd employed [[George Gilbert Scott]]. [[Titus Salt]]  built a model village at [[Saltaire]].{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=62|ps=none}} [[Sir Henry Ripley, 1st Baronet|Henry Ripley]], owner of Bowling Dyeworks, began construction of [[Ripley Ville]] in Bradford in 1866.<ref>Walker, R L   (2008)   When was Ripleyville Built?  SEQUALS,  {{ISBN|0 9532139 2 7}}</ref> Industrial communities were established at [[Price's Village]]<ref>{{Cite PastScape |num=1560975 |desc=Prices Village |access-date=10 May 2014 |mode=cs2}}</ref> by [[Price's Candles|Price's Patent Candle Company]] and at [[Aintree]] by [[Hartley's]], who made jam, in 1888.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-16215485 Hartley's jam village made a conservation area], [[BBC News]], 16 December 2011 </ref> [[William Lever]]'s [[Port Sunlight]] had a village green and its houses espoused an idealised rural vernacular style.{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=62|ps=none}} [[Quaker]] industrialists, [[George Cadbury]] and [[Rowntrees]] built model villages by their factories. Cadbury built [[Bournville]] between 1898 and 1905 and a second phase from 1914 and [[New Earswick]] was built in 1902 for Rowntrees.{{sfn|Burchardt|2002|p=63|ps=none}}

As coal mining expanded villages were built to house coal miners. In Yorkshire, [[Grimethorpe]], [[Goldthorpe]], [[Woodlands, South Yorkshire|Woodlands]], [[Fitzwilliam, West Yorkshire|Fitzwilliam]] and [[Bottom Boat]] were built to house workers at the collieries. The architect who designed Woodlands and [[Creswell Model Village]]s, [[Percy Bond Houfton|Percy B. Houfton]] was influential in the development of the [[garden city movement]].

In the 1920s, [[Silver End]] model village in Essex was built for [[Francis Henry Crittall]]. Its houses were designed in an [[Art Deco|art deco-style]] with flat roofs and [[Crittall Windows|Crittall windows]].<ref>{{citation |title =Silver End - a window on the past|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/essex/content/articles/2009/01/27/silver_end_feature.shtml | publisher= [[BBC]]|access-date=20 June 2015|date = 22 July 2009}}</ref>

===England===
[[File:Bowling Dye Works Almshouses - New Cross Street - geograph.org.uk - 638072.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Almshouse]]s at [[Ripley Ville]], Yorkshire. Built 1881 and now the only remaining example of the [[architecture]] of the  village]]
(Chronological order)
* [[Trowse]], Norfolk (1805)
* [[Blaise Hamlet, Bristol|Blaise Hamlet]], Gloucestershire (1811)
* [[Selworthy]], Somerset (1828)
* [[Barrow Bridge, Bolton]] (1830s)<ref>{{citation|title=Barrow Bridge Conservation Area|url=http://www.bolton.gov.uk/sites/documentcentre/Documents/BarrowBridgeCAx.pdf|publisher=bolton.gov.uk|access-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825161953/http://www.bolton.gov.uk/sites/DocumentCentre/Documents/BarrowBridgeCAx.pdf|archive-date=25 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Vulcan Village]], Merseyside (1833)<ref>{{citation |title= Vulcan Village Conservation Area appraisal |url=https://www.sthelens.gov.uk/media/3084/vulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal/pdf/vulcan-village-conservation-area-appraisal.pdf|publisher=St Helens Council |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
* [[Snelston]], Derbyshire (1840s)
* [[Swindon Railway Village]], Wiltshire (1840s)
* [[Withnell Fold]], Lancashire (1844)
* [[Meltham]], Yorkshire (1850)
* [[Bromborough Pool]] ("[[Price's Village]]"), Merseyside (1853)
* [[Saltaire]], Yorkshire (1853)
* [[Akroydon]], Yorkshire (1859)
* [[Nenthead]], Cumberland (1861)
* [[Sharlston|New Sharlston Colliery Village]], Yorkshire (1864)<ref>{{citation |title= Sharlston Colliery Model Village |url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=7071&resourceID=105|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[Ripley Ville]], Yorkshire (1866)
* [[Copley, West Yorkshire|Copley]], Yorkshire (1874)
* [[Howe Bridge]], Lancashire (1873–79)
* [[Bournville]], Worcestershire (1879)
* [[Barwick, Hertfordshire|Barwick]], Hertfordshire (1888)
* [[Port Sunlight]], Merseyside (1888)<ref>{{Cite PastScape |num=1362582 |desc=Port Sunlight |access-date=10 May 2014 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* [[Creswell Model Village]], Derbyshire (1895)<ref>{{Cite PastScape |num=929805 |desc=The Model Village |access-date=10 May 2014 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* [[New Bolsover model village]], Derbyshire (1896)<ref>{{Cite PastScape |num=613327 |desc=New Bolsover Model Village |access-date=10 May 2014 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
* [[Vickerstown]], Lancashire (1901)
* [[New Earswick]], Yorkshire (1904)<ref>{{citation |title=The garden village of New Earswick |url=http://www.jrht.org.uk/sites/files/jrht/uploads/10/10/NewEarswickleaflet.pdf |page=2 |publisher=Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust |access-date=10 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214057/http://www.jrht.org.uk/sites/files/jrht/uploads/10/10/NewEarswickleaflet.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Woodlands, South Yorkshire|Woodlands]], Yorkshire (1905)<ref>{{citation |title=A study of Woodlands Model Colliery Village 1907-1909 |url= http://www.presidentsmedals.com/Entry-8090  | publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects |access-date=10 May 2014}}</ref>
* [[Whiteley Village]], Surrey (1907)
* [[The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull]], Yorkshire (1908)
* [[Silver End]], Essex (1926)
* [[Stewartby]], Bedfordshire (1926)

===Ireland===
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2018}}
* [[Milford, County Armagh]], Northern Ireland (1800s)
* [[Portlaw]], County Waterford, Republic of Ireland (1825)
* [[Sion Mills]], County Tyrone, Northern Ireland (1835)
* [[Bessbrook]], County Armagh, Northern Ireland (1845)
* [[Laurelvale]], County Armagh, Northern Ireland (1850s)
* Model Village, County Cork (1910s; usually called [[Tower, County Cork|Tower]], the name of the pre-existing hamlet)

===Scotland===
* [[New Lanark]], Lanarkshire (1786)

===Wales===
* [[Tremadog]], Caernarfonshire (1798)
* [[Elan Village]], Powys (1892)
* [[Portmeirion]], Merioneth (1925)